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Mufassalat: Difference between revisions
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== Meaning == | == Meaning == | ||
In usages, Mufassalat refer to the chapters at the end of the Qur'an which are short and are separated from each other with the verse "In the Name of [[God]], the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful". | In usages, Mufassalat refer to the chapters at the end of the Qur'an which are short and are separated from each other with the verse "In the Name of [[God]], the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful".<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 26; Rāmyār, ''Tārīkh-i Qurʾān'', p. 595.</ref> | ||
== Other Names == | == Other Names == | ||
Since abrogated verses are few in these chapters, they are also called Muhkamat. In a narration in which [[Ibn Abbas]] has answered a question about Muhkam, he has interpreted it as Mufassal. In some [[hadith]]s, these chapters have been called Riyad al-Qur'an. | Since abrogated verses are few in these chapters, they are also called Muhkamat. In a narration in which [[Ibn Abbas]] has answered a question about Muhkam, he has interpreted it as Mufassal.<ref>Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal, ''Musnad'', vol. 4, p. 343.</ref> In some [[hadith]]s, these chapters have been called Riyad al-Qur'an.<ref>Sakhāwī, ''Jamāl al-qurāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 89.</ref> | ||
== Mufassalat in Narrations of the Prophet (s) == | == Mufassalat in Narrations of the Prophet (s) == | ||
The term Mufassal exists in narrations of the [[Prophet (s)]] as well: | The term Mufassal exists in narrations of the [[Prophet (s)]] as well: | ||
"Chapters of Tiwal have been given to me instead of [[Torah]], and chapters of Sunan have been given to me instead of [[gospels]] and [chapters of] [[Mathani]] instead of [[Zabur]]; and I was given superiority over them by the chapters of Mufassal which are 68. And the Qur'an has dominance over books of other prophets (a)." | "Chapters of Tiwal have been given to me instead of [[Torah]], and chapters of Sunan have been given to me instead of [[gospels]] and [chapters of] [[Mathani]] instead of [[Zabur]]; and I was given superiority over them by the chapters of Mufassal which are 68. And the Qur'an has dominance over books of other prophets (a)."<ref>Jurjānī, ''Jalāʾ al-adhhān'', vol. 1, p. 5; Suyūṭī, ''al-Durr al-Manthūr'', vol. 6, p. 101.</ref> | ||
There are other [[hadiths]] transmitted from the Prophet (s) such as the hadith of Wathila b. Asqa' about Mufassalat. In these hadiths, God has given the Prophet (s) superiority over other prophets (a) because of Mufassal chapters. | There are other [[hadiths]] transmitted from the Prophet (s) such as the hadith of Wathila b. Asqa' about Mufassalat. In these hadiths, God has given the Prophet (s) superiority over other prophets (a) because of Mufassal chapters.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 25.</ref> | ||
== Characteristics == | == Characteristics == | ||
* They are separated from each other with the verse "In the Name of God, the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful" due to their shortness. | * They are separated from each other with the verse "In the Name of God, the All-Compassionate, the Most Merciful" due to their shortness.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 25.</ref> | ||
* They are mostly [[revealed]] in [[Mecca]]. | * They are mostly [[revealed]] in [[Mecca]].<ref>Maʿrifat, ''ʿUlūm-i Qurʾānī'', 83.</ref> | ||
== Types == | == Types == | ||
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* [[Tiwal chapters]] which are chapters including [[Sura al-Hujurat|al-Hujurat]] or [[Sura Qaf|Qaf]] to chapter [[Sura al-Naba'|al-Naba']] or [[Sura al-Buruj|al-Buruj]]. | * [[Tiwal chapters]] which are chapters including [[Sura al-Hujurat|al-Hujurat]] or [[Sura Qaf|Qaf]] to chapter [[Sura al-Naba'|al-Naba']] or [[Sura al-Buruj|al-Buruj]]. | ||
* [[Awsat chapters]] which are chapters including [[Sura al-Tariq|al-Tariq]] to [[Sura al-Bayyina|al-Bayyina]] | * [[Awsat chapters]] which are chapters including [[Sura al-Tariq|al-Tariq]] to [[Sura al-Bayyina|al-Bayyina]] | ||
* [[Qisar chapters]] which are chapters including [[Sura al-Zilzal|al-Zilzal]] to al-Nas. | * [[Qisar chapters]] which are chapters including [[Sura al-Zilzal|al-Zilzal]] to al-Nas.<ref>''Farhang nāma-yi ʿulūm-i Qurʾān'', p. 2412.</ref> | ||
== Exegetes' Opinions about the first chapter of Mufassalaat == | == Exegetes' Opinions about the first chapter of Mufassalaat == | ||
The last chapter of Mufassalat is [[Sura al-Nas|al-Nas]] as agreed by all, but there are 12 opinions about the first chapter of Mufassalat: [[Sura al-Saffat|al-Saffat]], [[Sura al-Jathiya|al-Jathiya]], [[Sura Muhammad|Muhammad (s)]], [[Sura al-Fath|al-Fath]], al-Hujurat, Qaf, [[Sura al-Rahman|al-Rahman]], [[Sura al-Saff|al-Saff]], [[Sura al-Furqan|al-Furqan]], [[Sura al-Furqan|al-Insan]], [[Sura al-Furqan|al-A'la]] and [[Sura al-Furqan|al-Duha]]. | The last chapter of Mufassalat is [[Sura al-Nas|al-Nas]] as agreed by all, but there are 12 opinions about the first chapter of Mufassalat: [[Sura al-Saffat|al-Saffat]], [[Sura al-Jathiya|al-Jathiya]], [[Sura Muhammad|Muhammad (s)]], [[Sura al-Fath|al-Fath]], al-Hujurat, Qaf, [[Sura al-Rahman|al-Rahman]], [[Sura al-Saff|al-Saff]], [[Sura al-Furqan|al-Furqan]], [[Sura al-Furqan|al-Insan]], [[Sura al-Furqan|al-A'la]] and [[Sura al-Furqan|al-Duha]].<ref>Sakhāwī, ''Jamāl al-qurāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 89.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Ref}} | |||
*Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. ''Musnad''. Edited by Muḥammad Shākir. Cairo: [n.p], 1375 AH. | |||
*Group of Authors. ''Farhang nāma-yi ʿulūm-i Qurʾān''. Qom: Pazhūhishgāh-i ʿUlūm wa Farhang-i Islāmī, 1394 Sh. | |||
*Jurjānī, Ḥusayn b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Jalāʾ al-adhhān''. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Dānishgāh-i Tehran, 1377 Sh. | |||
*Maʿrifat, Muḥammad Hādī. ''ʿUlūm-i Qurʾānī''. Qom: Muʾassisa-yi Farhangī-yi Tamhīd, 1380 Sh. | |||
*Rāmyār, Maḥmūd. ''Tārīkh-i Qurʾān''. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 1387 Sh. | |||
*Sakhāwī, ʿAlam al-Dīn al-. ''Jamāl al-qurāʾ wa kamāl al-aqrāʾ''. Edited by Marwān al-ʿAṭīyya & Muḥsin Kharāba. Damascus-Beirut: Dār al-Maʾmūn li-l-Turāth, 1418 AH. | |||
*Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr. ''Al-Durr al-Manthūr fī tafsīr bi-l-maʾthūr''. Qom: [n.p], 1404 AH. | |||
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān''. Translated to Farsī by Muḥammad Bīstūnī. Mashhad: Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1390 Sh. | |||
{{end}} | |||
[[fa:مفصلات]] | [[fa:مفصلات]] | ||
[[Category:Mufassalat suras]] | [[Category:Mufassalat suras]] | ||
[[Category:Quranic terminology]] | [[Category:Quranic terminology]] | ||