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Al-Hasan b. Musa al-Nawbakhti: Difference between revisions
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'''Abū Muḥammad Ḥasan b. Mūsā al-Nawbakhtī''' (Arabic: {{ia|أبو محمد الحسن بن موسى النوبختي}}) is a Shi'a [[theologian]] and [[philosopher]] of the 3rd/[[9th Century|9th]] and 4th/[[10th Century|10th]] centuries. He is the first [[Muslim]] scholar who has written about | '''Abū Muḥammad al-Ḥasan b. Mūsā al-Nawbakhtī''' (Arabic: {{ia|أبو محمد الحسن بن موسى النوبختي}}) is a Shi'a [[theology|theologian]] and [[philosopher]] of the 3rd/[[9th Century|9th]] and 4th/[[10th Century|10th]] centuries. He is the first [[Muslim]] scholar who has written about sects and creeds. During the [[Occultation]], al-Nawbakhti with his philosophical tendencies and knowledge of theological principles and bases of various sects, provided rational demonstration to consolidate [[Shi'a]] theological bases. He had debates with famous [[Imami]] and [[Mu'tazilite]] theologians, like: [[Abu Ali al-Jaba'i]], [[Abu l-Qasim al-Balkhi]], [[Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah b. Mamalk al-Isfahani]] and [[Ibn Qiba al-Razi]]. | ||
Al-Nawbakhti wrote several works, some of which was available until the 7th/[[13th century|13th]] century; however, ''[[Firaq al-Shi'a (book)|Firaq al-Shi'a]]'' is his only work that has survived into the present time. | Al-Nawbakhti wrote several works, some of which was available until the 7th/[[13th century|13th]] century; however, ''[[Firaq al-Shi'a (book)|Firaq al-Shi'a]]'' is his only work that has survived into the present time. | ||
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==Teachers and Students== | ==Teachers and Students== | ||
His most important teacher was his maternal uncle, Abu Sahl al-Nawbakhti, who was a famous Shi'a scholar and | His most important teacher was his maternal uncle, Abu Sahl al-Nawbakhti, who was a famous Shi'a scholar and theologian. | ||
Hasan b. Musa al-Nawbakhti had an important scholarly circle of [[Kalam]] (Islamic theology) and philosophy. Some narrators of philosophical books like: Abu 'Uthman al-Dimashqi, Ishaq b. Hunayn and Thabit b. Qarra were among his students. | Al-Hasan b. Musa al-Nawbakhti had an important scholarly circle of [[Kalam]] (Islamic theology) and philosophy. Some narrators of philosophical books like: Abu 'Uthman al-Dimashqi, Ishaq b. Hunayn and Thabit b. Qarra were among his students. | ||
==Debates== | ==Debates== | ||
According to the titles of his books, he had debates with famous Shi'a and Mu'tazili theologians of his time, like: Abu Ali al- | According to the titles of his books, he had debates with famous Shi'a and Mu'tazili theologians of his time, like: Abu Ali al-Jaba'i, Abu l-Qasim al-Balkhi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah b. Mamalk al-Isfahani and [[Ibn Qiba al-Razi]]. For instance, al-Najashi has mentioned a book of his, which al-Nawbakhti had compiled from his sessions with Abu l-Qasim al-Balkhi. | ||
==Scholarly Character== | ==Scholarly Character== | ||
Al-Nawbakhti is counted in the flow of thinkers, during the [[Occultation]], who had rational and philosophical tendencies and a good grasp of theological principles and bases of various sects. They tried to consolidate Shi'a theological bases by providing rational demonstrations. | Al-Nawbakhti is counted in the flow of thinkers, during the [[Occultation]], who had rational and philosophical tendencies and a good grasp of theological principles and bases of various sects. They tried to consolidate Shi'a theological bases by providing rational demonstrations. | ||
Some clues indicate that he was inclined toward the [[Mu'tazili]] School of thought of [[Baghdad]]. Therefore, [[Ibn al-Nadim]] says in his book that both Shi'a and Mu'tazila claimed that he was one of them. There is no doubt that he was an [[Imami]] scholar, as Ibn al-Nadim also emphasizes. | Some clues indicate that he was inclined toward the [[Mu'tazili]] School of thought of [[Baghdad]]. Therefore, [[Ibn al-Nadim]] says in his book that both Shi'a and Mu'tazila claimed that he was one of them. There is no doubt that he was an [[Imami]] scholar, as Ibn al-Nadim also emphasizes. | ||
In the topic of Predestination and Delegation (al-Jabr wa al-Tafwid), al-Nawbakhti had a belief similar to that of Hisham, as he has authored a book supporting Hisham's opinion in this regard. | In the topic of Predestination and Delegation (al-Jabr wa al-Tafwid), al-Nawbakhti had a belief similar to that of [[Hisham b. al-Hakam|Hisham]], as he has authored a book supporting Hisham's opinion in this regard. | ||
Al-Najashi and [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has mentioned him as a "Shi'a Mutakallim" and the one who was superior to the others during his time. Ibn al-Nadim called him a reliable Mutakallim and philosopher. [[Ibn Tawus]] said that according to some of his books he was also familiar with astronomy and similar sciences. | Al-Najashi and [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]] has mentioned him as a "Shi'a Mutakallim" (Shi'a theologian) and the one who was superior to the others during his time. Ibn al-Nadim called him a reliable Mutakallim and philosopher. [[Ibn Tawus]] said that according to some of his books he was also familiar with astronomy and similar sciences. | ||
==Works== | ==Works== | ||
{{main|List of works by Hasan b. Musa al-Nawbakhti}} | {{main|List of works by al-Hasan b. Musa al-Nawbakhti}} | ||
[[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]], the famous Shi'a bibliographer, says that he is the first Muslim scholar to write about sects and creeds. | [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]], the famous Shi'a bibliographer, says that he is the first Muslim scholar to write about sects and creeds. | ||
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Al-Najashi has praised his book ''[[al-Ara' wa al-diyanant]]'' as a "good big book" that contains many scientific points; he has also mentioned that he has read this book to his teacher, [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]. | Al-Najashi has praised his book ''[[al-Ara' wa al-diyanant]]'' as a "good big book" that contains many scientific points; he has also mentioned that he has read this book to his teacher, [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]. | ||
In the 7th/13th century, [[Ibn Tawus]] had access to ''al-Ara' wa al-diyanat'', ''al-Radd 'ala Abu Ali al- | In the 7th/13th century, [[Ibn Tawus]] had access to ''al-Ara' wa al-diyanat'', ''al-Radd 'ala Abu Ali al-Jaba'i fi raddih 'ala al-munajjimin'' and ''al-Radd 'ala Batlamyus fi hay'at al-falak wa al-ard''. | ||
[[Al-Mas'udi]], Ibn al-Juwzi and [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid]] have quoted from ''al-Ara' wa al-diyanat''; however, in some cases al-Nawbakhti's name is mistakenly recorded as "Husayn b. Musa". | [[Al-Mas'udi]], Ibn al-Juwzi and [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid]] have quoted from ''al-Ara' wa al-diyanat''; however, in some cases al-Nawbakhti's name is mistakenly recorded as "Husayn b. Musa". | ||
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[[fa:حسن بن موسی نوبختی]] | [[fa:حسن بن موسی نوبختی]] | ||
[[ar:الحسن بن موسى النوبختي]] | |||
[[Category:Nawbakhti Family]] | [[Category:Nawbakhti Family]] | ||