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Change of the Qibla: Difference between revisions
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'''Redirection of Qibla''' (Arabic: تحويل القبلة) is the event in which the [[Qibla]] of | <onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{section|editorial box}}}|editorial box|{{Editorial Box | ||
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'''Redirection of Qibla''' (Arabic: {{ia|تحويل القبلة}}) is the event in which the [[Qibla]] of [[Muslim]]s was redirected from [[Masjid al-Aqsa]], located in [[Jerusalem]], to the [[Ka'ba]]. The event occurred in [[Rajab]], [[2]]/January, 624, after the [[revelation]] of the [[verse]] 144 of [[Sura al-Baqara]]. According to the majority of historiographers, the redirection of Qibla occurred in [[Masjid al-Qiblatayn]] in [[Medina]] in the middle of the [[noon prayer]]. One remarkable question about the redirection of the Qibla is how people turned in the middle of a [[congregational prayer]] to over 160 degrees. | |||
==The First Qibla and its Redirection== | ==The First Qibla and its Redirection== | ||
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{{main|Qibla Verse}} | {{main|Qibla Verse}} | ||
The verse 144 of [[Sura al-Baqara]], involving the order to redirect the Qibla, is known as | The verse 144 of [[Sura al-Baqara]], involving the order to redirect the Qibla, is known as "al-Qibla Verse". Verses 142, 143, and 150 of Sura al-Baqara are also referred to as al-Qibla Verses. Some exegetes of the [[Qur'an]] take verses 142 to 144 of Sura al-Baqara to be al-Qibla Verses. | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
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* There are hadiths according to which before Hijra, the Ka'ba was the Qibla of Muslims. This implies two redirections of the Qibla, once from the Ka'ba to Bayt al-Maqdis and once again from Bayt al-Maqdis to the Ka'ba. | * There are hadiths according to which before Hijra, the Ka'ba was the Qibla of Muslims. This implies two redirections of the Qibla, once from the Ka'ba to Bayt al-Maqdis and once again from Bayt al-Maqdis to the Ka'ba. | ||
* By an appeal to the verse 115 of Sura al-Baqara, | * By an appeal to the verse 115 of Sura al-Baqara, "To Allah belong the East and the West: Whithersoever ye turn, there is the presence of Allah", some exegetical sources maintain that the Prophet (s) and other Muslims were free to turn toward either of the two Qiblas. To support this view, they appeal to the Prophet (s) not objecting to [[Bara' b. Ma'rur]] when he performed his prayer in the direction of the Ka'ba in a trip to Mecca before [[Hijra]]. On the contrary, some people take the above Quranic verse to be concerned with [[Nawafil]] (recommended prayers) when one is on a travel, but according to some historical accounts, Bara' b. Ma'rur continued to say his prayers in the direction of the Ka'ba after Hijra, while the Prophet (s) still said his prayers in the direction of Bayt al-Maqdis. When the Prophet (s) heard about this, he prohibited Bara' from doing so, and he complied with the Prophet's (s) words. | ||
==How the Qibla was Redirected== | ==How the Qibla was Redirected== | ||
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Exegetes of the [[Qur'an]] have mentioned different reasons for the redirection of the Qibla. When the Prophet (s) lived in Mecca, the Ka'ba was a place of idols worshipped by polytheists. Thus, the Prophet (s) complied with the divine command to temporally turn toward Bayt al-Maqdis, and thus, their direction was different from the direction of polytheists. | Exegetes of the [[Qur'an]] have mentioned different reasons for the redirection of the Qibla. When the Prophet (s) lived in Mecca, the Ka'ba was a place of idols worshipped by polytheists. Thus, the Prophet (s) complied with the divine command to temporally turn toward Bayt al-Maqdis, and thus, their direction was different from the direction of polytheists. | ||
When the | When the Prophet's (s) government was established in Medina, the Muslim community was stabilized and they were clearly distinguished from others. Thus, there was no necessity for Bayt al-Maqdis to be a Qibla and the Prophet (s) wanted the redirection of the Qibla. The Ka'ba was the oldest house of [[monotheism]] and the most original home for prophets. Moreover, after the ruling of the redirection of the Qibla, Muslims were distinguished from Jews who turned toward Bayt al-Maqdis. | ||
When the Prophet (s) migrated to Medina, the Jews took his direction toward Bayt al-Maqdis to be evidence of a defect in Islam and the truth of their own religion (Sura al-Baqara, 146; [[Sura al-An'am]], 20). According to some hadiths, Jews in Medina claimed that Muslims had no Qiblas of their own, and they had instructed the Muslims to turn toward Bayt al-Maqdis. | When the Prophet (s) migrated to Medina, the Jews took his direction toward Bayt al-Maqdis to be evidence of a defect in Islam and the truth of their own religion (Sura al-Baqara, 146; [[Sura al-An'am]], 20). According to some hadiths, Jews in Medina claimed that Muslims had no Qiblas of their own, and they had instructed the Muslims to turn toward Bayt al-Maqdis. | ||
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The redirection of the Qibla was followed by some reactions and consequences. | The redirection of the Qibla was followed by some reactions and consequences. | ||
A number of Muslims were worried about the loss of divine rewards for their past prayers or the prayers of their deceased predecessors. The Prophet (s) recited verse 143 of Sura al-Baqara in response to them: | A number of Muslims were worried about the loss of divine rewards for their past prayers or the prayers of their deceased predecessors. The Prophet (s) recited verse 143 of Sura al-Baqara in response to them: "and Allah was not going to make your faith to be fruitless; most surely Allah is Affectionate, Merciful to the people". | ||
Thus, biased polytheists and enemies of Islam could no longer reproach Muslims because of their turning toward Bayt al-Maqdis. Many other people of [[Hijaz]] who particularly loved the Ka'ba became more sympathetic to Islam. This is referred to in the Qur'an: | Thus, biased polytheists and enemies of Islam could no longer reproach Muslims because of their turning toward Bayt al-Maqdis. Many other people of [[Hijaz]] who particularly loved the Ka'ba became more sympathetic to Islam. This is referred to in the Qur'an: "Turn then Thy face in the direction of the sacred Mosque [Masjid al-Haram]: Wherever ye are, turn your faces in that direction. The people of the Book know well that that is the truth from their Lord". | ||
Jews of Hijaz were dissatisfied by the redirection of the Qibla and began to spread propaganda against Muslims. | Jews of Hijaz were dissatisfied by the redirection of the Qibla and began to spread propaganda against Muslims. | ||