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Idris (a): Difference between revisions
correcting some references.
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== Cause of Naming == | == Cause of Naming == | ||
About the cause of naming Idris, there are different opinions, including that he (a) was busy with teaching and scientific activities.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 4, p. 329. Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ | About the cause of naming Idris, there are different opinions, including that he (a) was busy with teaching and scientific activities.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 4, p. 329. Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 6, p. 492.</ref> According to Tafsir of [['Ali b. Ibrahim al-Qummi]], [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] says: "He was named Idris for he read and taught books a lot".<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 2, p. 609.</ref>{{enote|lesson, learning and teaching in Arabic all are brought from the root {{ia|درس}}}} | ||
Some considered his name adopted from Hermes who was the medium between gods and humans in the ancient Greece.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbat al-waṣīyya'', vol. 1, p. 24; Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 18.</ref> | Some considered his name adopted from Hermes who was the medium between gods and humans in the ancient Greece.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Ithbat al-waṣīyya'', vol. 1, p. 24; Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 18.</ref> | ||
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In some Islamic sources, Idris is mentioned in the lineage of [[the Prophet (s)]], while some sources have not accepted it and believe that because Idris (a) called the Prophet Muhammad (s) "al-Akh al-Salih" [the righteous brother] in the night of [[Mi'raj]] [Ascent],<ref>Suhaylī, ''al-Rawḍ al-unuf'', vol. 1, p. 1314.</ref> then he (a) cannot be among the ancestors of the Prophet (s).<ref>Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī, ''al-Mustadrak ʿalā l-ṣaḥīḥayn'', vol. 2, p. 549.</ref> | In some Islamic sources, Idris is mentioned in the lineage of [[the Prophet (s)]], while some sources have not accepted it and believe that because Idris (a) called the Prophet Muhammad (s) "al-Akh al-Salih" [the righteous brother] in the night of [[Mi'raj]] [Ascent],<ref>Suhaylī, ''al-Rawḍ al-unuf'', vol. 1, p. 1314.</ref> then he (a) cannot be among the ancestors of the Prophet (s).<ref>Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī, ''al-Mustadrak ʿalā l-ṣaḥīḥayn'', vol. 2, p. 549.</ref> | ||
Other sources have mentioned him among the ancestors of prophet [[Nuh (a)]]. In ''[[Majma' al-bayan]]'', [[al-Tabrisi]] said, "he [Idris] is the forefather of Nuh (a), his name in the Torah is Enoch and there are many [[hadiths]] about his ascent to heavens."<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Majmaʿ | Other sources have mentioned him among the ancestors of prophet [[Nuh (a)]]. In ''[[Majma' al-bayan]]'', [[al-Tabrisi]] said, "he [Idris] is the forefather of Nuh (a), his name in the Torah is Enoch and there are many [[hadiths]] about his ascent to heavens."<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 15, p. 181.</ref> | ||
In the Bible, chapter Genesis, part 5, about the fathers of Nuh (a), it is said, "When Jared had lived one hundred sixty-two years, he became the father of Enoch.… he became the father of Methuselah… he became the father of Lamech… he became the father of a son; he named him Noah"<ref>Genesis, 5:18-28.</ref> This supports ''Majma' al-bayan'' which says that Idris was the great-grandfather of Noah. | In the Bible, chapter Genesis, part 5, about the fathers of Nuh (a), it is said, "When Jared had lived one hundred sixty-two years, he became the father of Enoch.… he became the father of Methuselah… he became the father of Lamech… he became the father of a son; he named him Noah"<ref>Genesis, 5:18-28.</ref> This supports ''Majma' al-bayan'' which says that Idris was the great-grandfather of Noah. | ||
== His Birthplace == | == His Birthplace == | ||
Some considered Memphis in [[Egypt]] the birthplace of Idris<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''Rabīʿ | Some considered Memphis in [[Egypt]] the birthplace of Idris<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''Rabīʿ al-abrār wa nusūs al-akhbār'', vol. 1, p. 369-371.</ref> and some others said that he (a) was born in Babylon and became the prophet (a) two hundred years after Prophet [[Adam (a)]] and prior to his [[prophethood]], he studied before the Egyptian Ghadhimun who was sent to guide the people of Greece and Egypt.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i al-mīzān'', vol. 14, p. 95.</ref> | ||
== His Mission == | == His Mission == | ||
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God sent Idris (a) revelations and called him and his companions to worship and they continued to worship God with Idris (a) until God raised the soul of Idris toward Himself.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 271.</ref> | God sent Idris (a) revelations and called him and his companions to worship and they continued to worship God with Idris (a) until God raised the soul of Idris toward Himself.<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 271.</ref> | ||
About his destiny, some said that, when he (a) saw the sins of descendants of Qabil, he (a) asked God to take him to Himself and God accepted and now he (a) lives in the sky 4th or 5th.<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Burhān'', vol. 6, p. 350.</ref> Some said that he (a) ascent to sky 4th and there, he (a) passed away<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ | About his destiny, some said that, when he (a) saw the sins of descendants of Qabil, he (a) asked God to take him to Himself and God accepted and now he (a) lives in the sky 4th or 5th.<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Burhān'', vol. 6, p. 350.</ref> Some said that he (a) ascent to sky 4th and there, he (a) passed away<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 6, p. 492; Zamakhsharī, ''al-Kashshāf'', vol. 3, p. 24.</ref> and some said that he (a) entered the paradise alive and never exited there.<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam fī tārikh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 234.</ref> | ||
== His Scientific Characteristics == | == His Scientific Characteristics == | ||
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According to some verses and hadiths, some believe that God raised him to some higher skies and thus,<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 270.</ref> it is mentioned in the Qur'an, "and We raised him to a station exalted."<ref>Qurʾān, 19:57.</ref> Some others believe that raising even with to highest locations cannot be a merit; thus, by "a station exalted", one of the stations of closeness to God is meant and from the context of stories mentioned in this chapter and the blessings of prophethood and [[wilaya]] are mentioned which are spiritual positions, the mentioned interpretation can be proved.<ref>Ibn al-ʿĀshūr, ''al-Taḥrīr wa l-tanwīr'', vol. 16, p. 57.</ref> | According to some verses and hadiths, some believe that God raised him to some higher skies and thus,<ref>Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 270.</ref> it is mentioned in the Qur'an, "and We raised him to a station exalted."<ref>Qurʾān, 19:57.</ref> Some others believe that raising even with to highest locations cannot be a merit; thus, by "a station exalted", one of the stations of closeness to God is meant and from the context of stories mentioned in this chapter and the blessings of prophethood and [[wilaya]] are mentioned which are spiritual positions, the mentioned interpretation can be proved.<ref>Ibn al-ʿĀshūr, ''al-Taḥrīr wa l-tanwīr'', vol. 16, p. 57.</ref> | ||
In the verses "and Zechariah, John, Jesus and Ilyas, - each of them among the righteous"<ref>Qurʾān, 6:58.</ref> and "And indeed Ilyas was one of the apostles"<ref>Qurʾān, 37:123.</ref>, some exegetes believe that [[Ilyas (a)]] is actually Idris and have mentioned the characteristics and stories about Idris in their comments for these verses for Ilyas.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ | In the verses "and Zechariah, John, Jesus and Ilyas, - each of them among the righteous"<ref>Qurʾān, 6:58.</ref> and "And indeed Ilyas was one of the apostles"<ref>Qurʾān, 37:123.</ref>, some exegetes believe that [[Ilyas (a)]] is actually Idris and have mentioned the characteristics and stories about Idris in their comments for these verses for Ilyas.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 4, p. 510.</ref> Some have recited "'Peace be to Ilyas!'"<ref>Qurʾān, 37:130.</ref> (37:130) as "peace be to Idris". | ||
However, it seems that Ilyas is different from Idris, because in chapter An'am, it is mentioned, "This was Our argument that We gave to Abraham against his people. We raise in rank whomever We wish. Indeed your Lord is all-wise, all-knowing. * And We gave him Isaac and Jacob and guided each of them. And Noah We had guided before, and from his offspring, David and Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses and Aaron —thus do We reward the virtuous— * and Zechariah, John, Jesus and Ilyas, —each of them among the righteous"<ref>Qurʾān, 6:83-85.</ref> In these verses, the preposition in "from his offspring" goes back to either [[Ibrahim (a)]] or Nuh (a), and thus Ilyas would not be Idris, because Ilyas would either be among the descendants of Ibrahim (a) or Nuh (a), while Idris was before Nuh (a) and was among his ancestors.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i al-mīzān'', vol. 2, p. 211; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ | However, it seems that Ilyas is different from Idris, because in chapter An'am, it is mentioned, "This was Our argument that We gave to Abraham against his people. We raise in rank whomever We wish. Indeed your Lord is all-wise, all-knowing. * And We gave him Isaac and Jacob and guided each of them. And Noah We had guided before, and from his offspring, David and Solomon, Job, Joseph, Moses and Aaron —thus do We reward the virtuous— * and Zechariah, John, Jesus and Ilyas, —each of them among the righteous"<ref>Qurʾān, 6:83-85.</ref> In these verses, the preposition in "from his offspring" goes back to either [[Ibrahim (a)]] or Nuh (a), and thus Ilyas would not be Idris, because Ilyas would either be among the descendants of Ibrahim (a) or Nuh (a), while Idris was before Nuh (a) and was among his ancestors.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i al-mīzān'', vol. 2, p. 211; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 4, p. 510-511.</ref> | ||
== Idris in Hadiths == | == Idris in Hadiths == | ||
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*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarir al-. ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī''. Translated by Abū l-Qāsim Pāyanda. Fifth edition. Tehran: Asāṭīr, 1375 Sh. | *Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarir al-. ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī''. Translated by Abū l-Qāsim Pāyanda. Fifth edition. Tehran: Asāṭīr, 1375 Sh. | ||
*Ṭabāṭabāyī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i al-Mīzān''. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH. | *Ṭabāṭabāyī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i al-Mīzān''. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1417 AH. | ||
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ | *Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusru, 1372 Sh. | ||
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Majmaʿ | *Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Majmaʿ al-bayān''. Translated by Ḥusayn Nūrī & Muḥammad Mufattiḥ. Tehran: Nashr-i Farāhānī, 1352 Sh. | ||
*Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Kashshāf''. Qom: Nashr al-Balāgha, 1415 AH. | *Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Kashshāf''. Qom: Nashr al-Balāgha, 1415 AH. | ||
*Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-. ''Rabīʿ | *Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-. ''Rabīʿ al-abrār wa nusūs al-akhbār''. Edited by Salīm al-Naʿīmī. Qom: Dār al-Dhakhāʾir li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1410 AH. | ||
[[fa:ادریس (پیامبر)]] | [[fa:ادریس (پیامبر)]] | ||
[[Category:Prophets]] | [[Category:Prophets]] | ||