Anonymous user
Al-Sayyid Isma'il al-Himyari: Difference between revisions
Al-Sayyid Isma'il al-Himyari (view source)
Revision as of 09:25, 22 February 2017
, 22 February 2017wiki check
imported>Shakeri No edit summary |
imported>E.amini m (wiki check) |
||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
'''Al-Sayyid Ismāʿīl b. Muḥammad b. Yazīd b. Rabīʿa al-Ḥimyari''' (Arabic: {{ia|السيد إسماعيل بن محمد بن يزيد بن ربيعة الحميريّ}}) known as '''al-Sayyid al-Ḥimyarī''' (Arabic: {{ia|السيد الحميري}}) (b. [[105]]/723-24, d. [[179]]/795-96) was among famous [[Shi'a]] poets who composed many poems in defense of Shi'a. His poems are so many that no one has so far been able to compile a complete record of all his poems. Only 2300 of his Hashimiyyat poems have been collected. It is said that he was first among [[Khawarij]], but then converted to [[Kaysaniyya]] and later became [[Twelver]] Shi'a through the guidance of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] and stayed Shi'a until the end of his life. | '''Al-Sayyid Ismāʿīl b. Muḥammad b. Yazīd b. Rabīʿa al-Ḥimyari''' (Arabic: {{ia|السيد إسماعيل بن محمد بن يزيد بن ربيعة الحميريّ}}) known as '''al-Sayyid al-Ḥimyarī''' (Arabic: {{ia|السيد الحميري}}) (b. [[105]]/723-24, d. [[179]]/795-96) was among famous [[Shi'a]] poets who composed many poems in defense of Shi'a. His poems are so many that no one has so far been able to compile a complete record of all his poems. Only 2300 of his Hashimiyyat poems have been collected. It is said that he was first among [[Khawarij]], but then converted to [[Kaysaniyya]] and later became [[Twelver]] Shi'a through the guidance of [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] and stayed Shi'a until the end of his life. | ||
== | ==Lineage and Birth == | ||
Himyari was born in Amman (current capital of Jordan) in [[105]]/723-24 and grew up in [[Basra]]. His grandfather was Yazid b. Ziyad known as Ibn Mufarriq (d. 69/688-89) who was among famous poets too. | Himyari was born in Amman (current capital of Jordan) in [[105]]/723-24 and grew up in [[Basra]]. His grandfather was Yazid b. Ziyad known as Ibn Mufarriq (d. 69/688-89) who was among famous poets too. | ||
His lineage reached Himyar tribe who were originally from [[Yemen]] and were not from [[Quraysh]]. Al-Sayyid Isma'il al-Himyari was neither [[Fatimid]] nor [['Alawi]]. Al-Sayyid was just a part of his name. | His lineage reached Himyar tribe who were originally from [[Yemen]] and were not from [[Quraysh]]. Al-Sayyid Isma'il al-Himyari was neither [[Fatimid]] nor [['Alawi]]. "Al-Sayyid" was just a part of his name. | ||
== | ==Superiority over Poets == | ||
[[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] called him "Sayyid al-Shu'ara" ["Master of Poets"]. In his ''[[Rijal al-Kashshi|Rijal]]'', [[al-Kashshi]] mentioned that Imam (a) addressed al-Sayyid al-Himyari, "Your mother named you Sayyid and you became successful and now have become master of poets." | [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] called him "Sayyid al-Shu'ara" ["Master of Poets"]. In his ''[[Rijal al-Kashshi|Rijal]]'', [[al-Kashshi]] mentioned that Imam (a) addressed al-Sayyid al-Himyari, "Your mother named you Sayyid and you became successful and now have become master of poets." | ||
Al-Sayyid composed a poem out of this speech of Imam (a). | Al-Sayyid composed a poem out of this speech of Imam (a). | ||
== Religion of His Family == | ==Religion of His Family == | ||
His parents were among [[Khawarij]] and followed [[Abadiyya]]. They swore at [[Imam Ali (a)]] after [[fajr prayer]], but al-Sayyid converted to Shi'a when he was young and composed many poems in defense of Shi'a and Imam Ali (a). | His parents were among [[Khawarij]] and followed [[Abadiyya]]. They swore at [[Imam Ali (a)]] after [[fajr prayer]], but al-Sayyid converted to Shi'a when he was young and composed many poems in defense of Shi'a and Imam Ali (a). | ||
His parent admonished and harassed him to return to the creed of Khawarij, but he did not accept until they planed to kill him. He thus took refuge with 'Uqba b. Salm b. Muhanna, the Shi'a ruler of Basra and stayed with him until the death of his parent. In a poem, he cursed his parent. | His parent admonished and harassed him to return to the creed of Khawarij, but he did not accept until they planed to kill him. He thus took refuge with 'Uqba b. Salm b. al-Muhanna, the Shi'a ruler of Basra and stayed with him until the death of his parent. In a poem, he cursed his parent. | ||
== | ==Conversion of Religion == | ||
It is said that al-Himyari was asked how he became Shi'a and in a poem, he answered, "like Mu'min of the people of Pharaoh, the mercy of God was poured upon me all at once." | It is said that al-Himyari was asked how he became Shi'a and in a poem, he answered, "like Mu'min of the people of Pharaoh, the mercy of God was poured upon me all at once." | ||
| Line 65: | Line 65: | ||
In some [[hadith]]s, a miracle of Imam al-Sadiq (a) is reported which proves invalidity of Kaysaniyya in al-Sayyid. In any case, [[Ibn Babiwayh]] in ''[[Ikmal al-din (book)|Ikmal al-din]]'', [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] in ''al-fusul al-mukhtara'', Marzbani in ''Akhbar al-Sayyid'', Ibn Mu'tazz in ''Tabaqat al-Shu'ara'', [[Ibn Shahr Ashub]] in ''[[Manaqib Al Abi Talib (a)]]'' and other hadith scholars and historians reported the news about al-Himyari's conversion to Shi'a through the call of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and mentioned that he kept his religion until the end of his life. | In some [[hadith]]s, a miracle of Imam al-Sadiq (a) is reported which proves invalidity of Kaysaniyya in al-Sayyid. In any case, [[Ibn Babiwayh]] in ''[[Ikmal al-din (book)|Ikmal al-din]]'', [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] in ''al-fusul al-mukhtara'', Marzbani in ''Akhbar al-Sayyid'', Ibn Mu'tazz in ''Tabaqat al-Shu'ara'', [[Ibn Shahr Ashub]] in ''[[Manaqib Al Abi Talib (a)]]'' and other hadith scholars and historians reported the news about al-Himyari's conversion to Shi'a through the call of Imam al-Sadiq (a) and mentioned that he kept his religion until the end of his life. | ||
== | == Position before Caliphs == | ||
Al-Sayyid Isma'il al-Himyari lived during the rules of ten caliphs: [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]], Walid b. Yazid, Yazid b. al-Walid, Ibrahim b. al-Walid and [[Marwan Himar]] from Umayyads and [[Saffah]], Mahdi, Hadi, [[Harun al-Rashid]] from [[Abbasid]]s. He was loved by the court and received many gifts and privileges from them and was supported by them. | Al-Sayyid Isma'il al-Himyari lived during the rules of ten caliphs: [[Hisham b. 'Abd al-Malik]], Walid b. Yazid, Yazid b. al-Walid, Ibrahim b. al-Walid and [[Marwan al-Himar]] from Umayyads and [[Saffah]], Mahdi, Hadi, [[Harun al-Rashid]] from [[Abbasid]]s. He was loved by the court and received many gifts and privileges from them and was supported by them. | ||
== | ==Characteristics == | ||
Al-Sayyid al-Himyari is introduced as a good-looking person who had eloquence and fluency of speech and delicacy of manner. He had a good knowledge of the [[Qur'an]], hadiths, [[fiqh]], history of Islam, conduct of [[the Prophet (s)]] and [[Imams (a)]] and brought almost all hadiths about the [[:Category:Excellences of Imam Ali (a)|merits of Imam Ali (a)]] and criticized his dissidents in his poems. | Al-Sayyid al-Himyari is introduced as a good-looking person who had eloquence and fluency of speech and delicacy of manner. He had a good knowledge of the [[Qur'an]], hadiths, [[fiqh]], history of Islam, conduct of [[the Prophet (s)]] and [[Imams (a)]] and brought almost all hadiths about the [[:Category:Excellences of Imam Ali (a)|merits of Imam Ali (a)]] and criticized his dissidents in his poems. | ||
He was powerful in debates with [[Sunni]] dissidents. He mentioned the reasons for [[caliphate]] and [[wilaya]] of Imam Ali (a), proofs for Shi'a beliefs, rejection of dissidents' sayings and examples of the usurpers of the rights of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] with a sharp language showing [[tawalla]] and [[tabarra]] [friendship with the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and rejection of their enemies]. He was safe from harassment of Sunni bigots since the leaders of [[Twelver Shi'a]], Abbasid caliphs and rulers praised and defended him, for he criticized Umayyads, praised [[Bani Hashim]] and defended Abbasid caliphs. | He was powerful in debates with [[Sunni]] dissidents. He mentioned the reasons for [[caliphate]] and [[wilaya]] of Imam Ali (a), proofs for Shi'a beliefs, rejection of dissidents' sayings and examples of the usurpers of the rights of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] with a sharp language showing [[tawalla]] and [[tabarra]] [friendship with the Ahl al-Bayt (a) and rejection of their enemies]. He was safe from harassment of Sunni bigots since the leaders of [[Twelver Shi'a]], Abbasid caliphs and rulers praised and defended him, for he criticized Umayyads, praised [[Bani Hashim]] and defended Abbasid caliphs. | ||
It is said that [[Mansur Abbasi]] dismissed Sawar b. 'Abd Allah because of his disrespect toward al-Sayyid al-Himyari and despite Sawar's dislike, gifted a farm in Basra to al-Himyari to make a living. | It is said that [[al-Mansur al-'Abbasi]] dismissed Sawar b. 'Abd Allah because of his disrespect toward al-Sayyid al-Himyari and despite Sawar's dislike, gifted a farm in Basra to al-Himyari to make a living. | ||
== Poetry of al-Himyari == | == Poetry of al-Himyari == | ||
| Line 88: | Line 88: | ||
In his ''[[al-Ghadir]]'', [[Allama Amini]] mentioned some of al-Sayyid's 21 poems of Ghadiriyya and his Hashimiyyat and elegies for the martyrs of [[Taff]] have always been a source of inspiration for Shi'a poets. | In his ''[[al-Ghadir]]'', [[Allama Amini]] mentioned some of al-Sayyid's 21 poems of Ghadiriyya and his Hashimiyyat and elegies for the martyrs of [[Taff]] have always been a source of inspiration for Shi'a poets. | ||
== | ==Book of Poems == | ||
Al-Sayyid's Diwan [book of poem] was published with the research of Husayn A'lami by Mu'assisa al-A'lami lilmatbu'at in [[Beirut]]. According to [[Aqa Buzurg]], author of ''[[al-Dhari'a]]'', the manuscript of al-Sayyid's diwan is available in one of the libraries of [[Yemen]] and a copy of it is kept in Maktaba Tahiriyya of [[Damascus]]. The French orientalist, Barbie Dominard published a 100-page biography of al-Sayyid al-Himyari in French in Paris. Many men of literature, poets and historians such as Abu Bakr al-Sawli, Muhammad Marzbani and others after 4th/10th century have written books about al-Sayyid and anthologies of his poems. | Al-Sayyid's Diwan [book of poem] was published with the research of Husayn A'lami by Mu'assisa al-A'lami lilmatbu'at in [[Beirut]]. According to [[Aqa Buzurg]], author of ''[[al-Dhari'a]]'', the manuscript of al-Sayyid's diwan is available in one of the libraries of [[Yemen]] and a copy of it is kept in Maktaba Tahiriyya of [[Damascus]]. The French orientalist, Barbie Dominard published a 100-page biography of al-Sayyid al-Himyari in French in Paris. Many men of literature, poets and historians such as Abu Bakr al-Sawli, Muhammad Marzbani and others after 4th/10th century have written books about al-Sayyid and anthologies of his poems. | ||
Of contemporary scholars, Muhammad Taqi | Of contemporary scholars, [[al-Sayyid Muhammad Taqi al-Hakim]] wrote a book called ''Sha'ir al-'aqida'' in Najaf about the life of al-Himyari and Shaykh Ali Khaqani, manager of al-Bayan magazine published a special issue about him. | ||
== | ==Demise == | ||
He passed away at the age of 68 or 74 in Rumayla neighborhood of [[Baghdad]]. [[Harun al-Rashid]] ordered to hold an honorable funeral for him. His body was wrapped in shrouds caliph sent by his brother. Ali b. Mahdi, brother of Harun accompanied the body to the cemetery and prayed over it. To respect his body, he recited 5 Takbir like Shi'a tradition and by the order of caliph, stayed there after prayer until the funeral finished. His grave is in Karkh Shi'a neighborhood of Baghdad in Junayna near Qati' al-Rabi'. | He passed away at the age of 68 or 74 in Rumayla neighborhood of [[Baghdad]]. [[Harun al-Rashid]] ordered to hold an honorable funeral for him. His body was wrapped in shrouds caliph sent by his brother. Ali b. Mahdi, brother of Harun accompanied the body to the cemetery and prayed over it. To respect his body, he recited 5 Takbir like Shi'a tradition and by the order of caliph, stayed there after prayer until the funeral finished. His grave is in Karkh, Shi'a neighborhood of Baghdad, in Junayna near Qati' al-Rabi'. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||