Islamic Philosophy: Difference between revisions

'''Islamic Philosophy''' (Arabic: {{ia|الفلسفة الإسلامية}}) is a discipline concerned with the general problems of being, knowledge, soul, [[God]], and [[religion]]. It is originated in Ancient Greece. The first [[Muslim]] philosopher was [[al-Kindi]] and the founder of the Islamic philosophy was [[al-Farabi]]. There have been three important schools of the Islamic philosophy: the [[Peripatetic Philosophy|Peripatetic]] or "Mashsha'" philosophy, the [[Illuminationist Philosophy|Illuminationist]] or "Ishraq" philosophy, and the [[Transcendent Philosophy]] or "al-Hikmat al-Muta'aliya".  

* Theology Proper: the essence of God, [[monotheism]], general issues of attributes, proof of divine attributes such as omniscience, omnipotence, life, will, speech, audition, and vision, and problems generated by some of these attributes such as predestination, [[lawh]] (Divine Tablet), [[Qalam]] (Divine Pen), [['Arsh]] (Divine Throne), [[al-Kursi]], [[Jabr]] (determinism), and [[Tafwid]] (delegation of actions to human beings), as well as problems concerning divine actions, such as immaterial worlds, the problem of evil, continuity of divine grace (fayd), and the incipience (huduth) of the world.

* Philosophical study of the religion: the nature of death, rejection of [[tanasukh]] (metempsychosis), proof of [[resurrection]], the world of [[barzakh]] or [[al-mithal al-munfasil]] (discontinuous imaginal world), the nature of [[hashr]] (gathering of people on the day of resurrection), the nature of resurrection, the nature of calculations and evaluations on the day of resurrection, the nature of happiness and misery, the nature of the [[Heaven]] and the [[Hell]], the nature of [[revelation]] (or wahy), the necessity of the revelation, the problem of [[prophethood]], and [[bodily resurrection]].

The Islamic philosophy has its origin in the Ancient Greek philosophy. Since the 2nd/8th century, Muslims began to translate Greek philosophical works into Arabic. In this century, much of [[Aristotle]]'s work, as well as that of the commentators of the Alexandrian school, much of [[Galen]]'s work and some of [[Plato]]'s dialogues were translated into Arabic. The first Muslim philosopher, [[al-Kindi]], lived in this period. During the academic movement which emerged from the translation of Greek texts into Arabic, al-Kindi moved to [[Baghdad]] and studied many Greek books, and in particular, Aristotle's work.