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Muhaddith: Difference between revisions
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'''Al-Muḥaddith''' (Arabic: {{ia| | '''Al-Muḥaddith''' (Arabic: {{ia|المُحَدِّث}}), or a scholar of [[hadith]]s, is an expert of hadiths, transmitters of hadiths, terminologies of hadiths, reliable and unreliable hadiths, and problems with hadiths. Most muhaddiths wrote large hadith books. The best-known Shiite muhaddiths include [[al-Kulayni]], [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], and [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]], the authors of the [[Four Books]]. [[Al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] and [[al-Shaykh al-Hurr al-'Amili]] were well-known muhaddiths in the [[Safavid]] period. In later periods, [[Mirza Husayn al-Nuri]], the author of ''[[Mustadrak al-wasa'il]]'' and [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]], the author of ''[[Safinat al-bihar]]'', came to be known as muhaddiths. | ||
==Definition== | ==Definition== | ||
According to [[al-Mamaqani]] in his book, ''[[Miqbas al-hidaya]]'', muhaddith is a person who knows how to establish the reliability of a hadith, the names of its transmitters, and their righteousness, as well as whether or not something is added to, or eliminated from | According to [[al-Mamaqani]] in his book, ''[[Miqbas al-hidaya]]'', muhaddith is a person who knows how to establish the reliability of a hadith, the names of its transmitters, and their righteousness, as well as whether or not something is added to, or eliminated from a hadith. In his commentaries on ''Miqbas al-hidaya'', Muhammad Rida Mamaqani takes a muhaddith to be a person who knows the science of hadith and its terminologies as well as the terms of abstruse hadiths (Gharib al-hadith) and types of hadiths. He quotes ''Kashshaf istilahat al-funun'' as suggesting that a muhaddith is characterized by hearing, writing, reciting, and memorizing hadiths, as well as traveling to different places in order to hear hadiths. According to [[al-Shahid al-Thani]], a muhaddith is a person who is engaged with the tradition of the [[Prophet (s)]] and [[Imams (a)]] in a scholarly way. | ||
According to al-Mamaqani, if a person is referred to as a muhaddith in a source of [[rijal]], that would count as a praise, although it does not amount to that person's reliability. | According to al-Mamaqani, if a person is referred to as a muhaddith in a source of [[rijal]], that would count as a praise, although it does not amount to that person's reliability. | ||
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Al-Mamaqani has compared terms such as "rawi" (transmitter of hadiths), "musnid" (transmitter of hadiths through chains of transmission), "muhaddith", and "hafiz" (memorizer of hadiths) with one another. According to him, a transmitter of hadiths is a person who just transmits a hadith, whether or not he mentions the chain of transmission. the transmitter of hadiths is of a lower ranking than a muhaddith. He makes it explicit that a person is not called a "muhaddith" just by having heard a [[hadith]]. | Al-Mamaqani has compared terms such as "rawi" (transmitter of hadiths), "musnid" (transmitter of hadiths through chains of transmission), "muhaddith", and "hafiz" (memorizer of hadiths) with one another. According to him, a transmitter of hadiths is a person who just transmits a hadith, whether or not he mentions the chain of transmission. the transmitter of hadiths is of a lower ranking than a muhaddith. He makes it explicit that a person is not called a "muhaddith" just by having heard a [[hadith]]. | ||
According to authors of | According to authors of [[diraya]] books, a scholar of [[rijal]] is a person who individually knows transmitters of hadiths and their characteristics and assesses the reliability or unreliability of a transmitter. However, a muhaddith is a person who is an expert on chains of transmission of hadiths and their texts, in addition to knowledge of transmitters of hadiths, and can thus discern the reliability or unreliability of a hadith. | ||
===Muhaddith as Akhbari=== | ===Muhaddith as Akhbari=== | ||
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===Recent Shiite Muhaddiths=== | ===Recent Shiite Muhaddiths=== | ||
Well-known Shiite muhaddiths in | Well-known Shiite muhaddiths in fourteenth/nineteenth and fifteenth/[[twentieth centuries]] are [[Mirza Husayn al-Nuri]] (d. 1320/1902-3), known as "al-Muhaddith al-Nuri", the author of ''[[Mustadrak al-wasa'il]]'', and [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qummi]] (d. 1359/1940), the author of ''[[Safinat al-bihar]]''. | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||