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Mosque of Kufa: Difference between revisions
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| image size = 250 px | | image size = 250 px | ||
| caption = <!-- use the {{coord}} template --> | | caption = <!-- use the {{coord}} template --> | ||
| location = [[Kufa]] | | location = [[Kufa]], [[Iraq]] | ||
| coordinates = | | coordinates = | ||
| islamic sect = | | islamic sect = [[Shi'a Islam]] | ||
| established = | | established = | ||
| founder = [[Prophet Adam (a)]] (according to some hadiths) | | founder = [[Prophet Adam (a)]] (according to some hadiths) | ||
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| style = Active | | style = Active | ||
| capacity = | | capacity = | ||
| length = 110 meters | | length = 110 meters | ||
| width = 101 meters | | width = 101 meters | ||
| area = 11162 square meters | | area = 11162 square meters | ||
| dome = | | dome = 1 | ||
| dome outer height = | | dome outer height = | ||
| dome inner height = | | dome inner height = | ||
| minarets = | | minarets = 2 | ||
| minaret height = | | minaret height = | ||
| materials = | | materials = | ||
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| renovation = | | renovation = | ||
| website = http://masjed-alkufa.com | | website = http://masjed-alkufa.com | ||
| features = The injury of [[Imam Ali (a)]] in Mosque of Kufa. | | features = The injury of [[Imam Ali (a)]] in the Mosque of Kufa. Mausoleums of [[Muslim b. 'Aqil]] and [[Hani b. 'Urwa]] and [[al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi]] | ||
| below = | | below = | ||
}} | }} | ||
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==Mosque of Kufa== | ==Mosque of Kufa== | ||
===Location and Features=== | |||
One of the oldest and most important visiting places in Kufa is the great Mosque of Kufa. The mosque is one of the greatest mosques in the Islamic world, and the fourth important mosque for Shi'as (after [[al-Masjid al-Haram]], [[al-Masjid al-Nabi]], and [[al-Aqsa mosque]]). | One of the oldest and most important visiting places in Kufa is the great Mosque of Kufa. The mosque is one of the greatest mosques in the Islamic world, and the fourth important mosque for Shi'as (after [[al-Masjid al-Haram]], [[al-Masjid al-Nabi]], and [[al-Aqsa mosque]]). | ||
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According to some [[hadiths]], the construction of the mosque dates back to Prophet [[Adam (a)]]. It was later reconstructed by Prophet [[Noah (a)]] after the storm. | According to some [[hadiths]], the construction of the mosque dates back to Prophet [[Adam (a)]]. It was later reconstructed by Prophet [[Noah (a)]] after the storm. | ||
In 17/638, the Islamic army was in [[al-Mada'in]]. Al-Mada'in's weather was so terrible for soldiers from [[Hijaz]] that they became weak and thin. Thus, [[Hudhayfa b. Yaman]] wrote a letter to [['Umar b. al-Khattab]] and informed him about the situation. The Caliph wrote to Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas to "send [[Salman al-Farsi|Salman]] and Hudhayfa to find a convenient place [for soldiers]". When they received the Caliph's letter, Salman and Hudhayfa departed from al-Mada'in: Salman departed from the western bank of Euphrates and Hudhayfa departed from its eastern bank. They did not like any land until they arrived in Kufa. They both found the land appropriate as a residence for the army. They said two [[rak'as]] of [[prayer]] and asked God to make the place peaceful and stable. When Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas and his army arrived in Kufa, he ordered the construction of a mosque before making any other constructions. Abu Hayja' al-Asadi stood in a place and threw arrows to all directions in order to specify the area of the Mosque of Kufa. | In 17/638, the Islamic army was in [[al-Mada'in]]. Al-Mada'in's weather was so terrible for soldiers from [[Hijaz]] that they became weak and thin. Thus, [[Hudhayfa b. Yaman]] wrote a letter to [['Umar b. al-Khattab]] and informed him about the situation. The Caliph wrote to Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas to "send [[Salman al-Farsi|Salman]] and Hudhayfa to find a convenient place [for soldiers]". When they received the Caliph's letter, Salman and Hudhayfa departed from al-Mada'in: | ||
Salman departed from the western bank of [[Euphrates]] and Hudhayfa departed from its eastern bank. They did not like any land until they arrived in Kufa. They both found the land appropriate as a residence for the army. They said two [[rak'as]] of [[prayer]] and asked God to make the place peaceful and stable. When Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas and his army arrived in Kufa, he ordered the construction of a mosque before making any other constructions. Abu Hayja' al-Asadi stood in a place and threw arrows to all directions in order to specify the area of the Mosque of Kufa. | |||
===Education in the Mosque=== | ===Education in the Mosque=== | ||
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==Merits== | ==Merits== | ||
[[Asbagh b. Nubata]] says: addressing people of Kufa, [[Amir al-Mu'minin (a)]] referred to the Mosque of Kufa as "the house of Adam, place of Noah, residence of [[Idris]], worshiping place of Ibrahim and my brother, [[Khidr]]" and "one of the four mosques selected by God for His people". The Imam (a) also predicted that the [[Black Stone]] (al-Hajar al-Aswad) will be installed in this mosque. There will be, he said, a time when the mosque will be the worshiping place of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]] and every believer. | [[Asbagh b. Nubata]] says: addressing people of Kufa, [[Amir al-Mu'minin (a)]] referred to the Mosque of Kufa as "the house of Adam (a), place of Noah (a), residence of [[Idris (a)]], worshiping place of Ibrahim (a) and my brother, [[Khidr (a)]]" and "one of the four mosques selected by God for His people". The Imam (a) also predicted that the [[Black Stone]] (al-Hajar al-Aswad) will be installed in this mosque. There will be, he said, a time when the mosque will be the worshiping place of [[Imam al-Mahdi (a)]] and every believer. | ||
* '''Heavenly Castle:''' according to some [[ | * '''Heavenly Castle:''' according to some [[hadith]]s, the Mosque of Kufa is a "castle of the [[Heaven]]". | ||
* '''Place of [[Sujud]] for the Angels:''' according to hadiths, the angels worshipped God in this sacred place before the creation of Adam (a). | * '''Place of [[Sujud]] for the Angels:''' according to hadiths, the angels worshipped God in this sacred place before the creation of Adam (a). | ||
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* '''Place of Prayer for Prophets:''' [[Abu Basir]] quoted [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] as saying about the Mosque of Kufa that: "the best mosque is the Mosque of Kufa: one thousand prophets and one thousand saints have said prayers in it …". | * '''Place of Prayer for Prophets:''' [[Abu Basir]] quoted [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] as saying about the Mosque of Kufa that: "the best mosque is the Mosque of Kufa: one thousand prophets and one thousand saints have said prayers in it …". | ||
* '''Prayer in the Mosque of Kufa Can be Said Fully during Travels:''' when a person travels to a place without intending to stay there for | * '''Prayer in the Mosque of Kufa Can be Said Fully during Travels:''' when a person travels to a place without intending to stay there for ten days, they should say their prayers in a shortened form, except in four places, one of which is the Mosque of Kufa. | ||
* '''Saying Prayer in the Mosque Equals [[Hajj]]:''' [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] says about the merits of saying one's prayers in the Mosque of Kufa that: "if people knew how much merit it has to say prayers in the Mosque of Kufa, they would go there from distant areas. Truly, saying one's obligatory prayers in this mosque equals hajj and saying [[ | * '''Saying Prayer in the Mosque Equals [[Hajj]]:''' [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]] says about the merits of saying one's prayers in the Mosque of Kufa that: "if people knew how much merit it has to say prayers in the Mosque of Kufa, they would go there from distant areas. Truly, saying one's [[prayer|obligatory prayers]] in this mosque equals hajj and saying [[recommended]] prayers there equals [['Umra]]. | ||
* '''Superior to All the Mosques:''' Imam al-Sadiq (a) takes saying prayer in the Mosque of Kufa equal to one thousand prayers in another mosque. Also, Imam al-Rida (a) says about saying prayers in this sacred place: "saying an individual prayer in the Mosque of Kufa is superior to seventy [[congregational prayers]] in another mosque". | * '''Superior to All the Mosques:''' Imam al-Sadiq (a) takes saying prayer in the Mosque of Kufa equal to one thousand prayers in another mosque. Also, Imam al-Rida (a) says about saying prayers in this sacred place: "saying an individual prayer in the Mosque of Kufa is superior to seventy [[congregational prayers]] in another mosque". | ||
* '''The Sanctuary of Imam 'Ali (a):''' a hadith is cited in ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' from Imam al-Sadiq (a) according to which [[Mecca]] is the sanctuary of God, [[Medina]] is the sanctuary of [[ | * '''The Sanctuary of Imam 'Ali (a):''' a hadith is cited in ''[[Bihar al-anwar]]'' from Imam al-Sadiq (a) according to which [[Mecca]] is the sanctuary of God, [[Medina]] is the sanctuary of the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]], and Kufa is the sanctuary of Imam 'Ali (a). Imam 'Ali (a) made that much of Kufa as his sanctuary that Ibrahim (a) has made of Mecca, and Muhammad (s) has made of Medina. | ||
* '''Burial Place of Prophets and Divine Saints:''' many prophets have said prayers in Kufa and in the Mosque of Kufa. Up to 370 prophets and | * '''Burial Place of Prophets and Divine Saints:''' many prophets have said prayers in Kufa and in the Mosque of Kufa. Up to 370 prophets and six hundred saints are buried there. | ||
* '''Center of Imam al-Mahdi's (a) Government:''' according to [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]]: "when our [[Qa'im]] | * '''Center of Imam al-Mahdi's (a) Government:''' according to [[Imam al-Baqir (a)]]: "when our [[Qa'im]] (i.e. Imam al-Mahdi (a)) starts his uprising and goes to Kufa, there will be no believer unless he resides in the city near him or goes to the city". Amir al-Mu'minin (a) said: "a time will come when this place (the Mosque of Kufa) will be a place for the prayer of Imam al-Mahdi (a)". | ||
* '''Residence of Khidr.''' | * '''Residence of Khidr.''' | ||
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* '''Residence and place of [[sujud]] for Noah.''' | * '''Residence and place of [[sujud]] for Noah.''' | ||
* | * Seventy thousand people will be resurrected on the [[Day of Judgment]] in this place and will go to the Heaven without any calculations. | ||
* It counts as a worship to only sit in the Mosque of Kufa without reciting the Qur'an. | * It counts as a worship to only sit in the Mosque of Kufa without reciting the Qur'an. | ||
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==Positions in the Mosque of Kufa== | ==Positions in the Mosque of Kufa== | ||
[[File:مقام رسول خدا در مسجد کوفه.jpg|thumbnail|right|Maqam of the Holy Prophet (s)]] | [[File:مقام رسول خدا در مسجد کوفه.jpg|thumbnail|right|Maqam of the Holy Prophet (s)]] | ||
There are places in this mosque which are attributed to prophets or prominent religious figures. These are called "Maqam" (position). Some [[ | There are places in this mosque which are attributed to prophets (a) or prominent religious figures. These are called "Maqam" (position). Some [[prayer|recommended prayers]] or practices are recommended for some of these positions. | ||
# '''Rahba Amir al-Mu'minin:''' in front of the Mosque of Kufa where the gate of the mosque is located, there is a bench on which Imam 'Ali (a) sat and answered people's questions. It is mentioned in some hadiths. | # '''Rahba Amir al-Mu'minin:''' in front of the Mosque of Kufa where the gate of the mosque is located, there is a bench on which Imam 'Ali (a) sat and answered people's questions. It is mentioned in some hadiths. | ||
# '''Dakka al-Qada':''' this is the place where Imam 'Ali (a) adjudicated legal cases. There was a short pillar in this position on which the following | # '''Dakka al-Qada':''' this is the place where Imam 'Ali (a) adjudicated legal cases. There was a short pillar in this position on which the following Qur'anic verse was written: "Surely Allah commands justice and good deeds". | ||
# '''Bayt al-Tasht:''' this is a place where a miracle by Imam 'Ali (a) occurred. | # '''Bayt al-Tasht:''' this is a place where a miracle by Imam 'Ali (a) occurred. | ||
# '''Position of Adam (a):''' the | # '''Position of Adam (a):''' the seventh pillar of the Mosque of Kufa is known as the position of Adam (a). This is believed to be the place where God accepted Adam's (a) [[repentance]]. Imam 'Ali (a) said his prayers near this pillar, which is why it is also known as the position of Amir al-Mu'minin (a). | ||
# '''Position of Ibrahim (a):''' the 4th pillar of the mosque near "Bab Anmat" is a place where the prophet [[Ibrahim (a)]] is believed to have said prayers. | # '''Position of Ibrahim (a):''' the 4th pillar of the mosque near "Bab Anmat" is a place where the prophet [[Ibrahim (a)]] is believed to have said prayers. | ||
# '''Position of Jabra'il:''' the | # '''Position of Jabra'il:''' the fifth pillar is attributed to [[Jabra'il]] (Gabriel). In the night of [[Mi'raj]] when the Prophet (s) was moving from [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] to [[al-Aqsa Mosque]] and arrived in Kufa, Jabra'il told him: "O the messenger of God, you are now across from the Mosque of Kufa. The Prophet (s) asked for God's permission and said two [[rak'as]] of prayers there. [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] also said prayers near this pillar. Thus, it is also known as the position of Imam al-Hasan (a). | ||
# '''Position of Imam Zayn al-'Abidin (a):''' the third pillar is where [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] said prayers. [[Abu Hamza al-Thumali]] says: I saw 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) (that is, Imam al-Sajjad) entering the Mosque of Kufa, saying two rak'as of prayers, and then praying to God. After a while, he headed home to [[Medina]]. He was told why he had come to that place where his father and grandfather were killed. He said: "I visited my father and said prayers in this mosque". | # '''Position of Imam Zayn al-'Abidin (a):''' the third pillar is where [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] said prayers. [[Abu Hamza al-Thumali]] says: I saw 'Ali b. al-Husayn (a) (that is, Imam al-Sajjad) entering the Mosque of Kufa, saying two rak'as of prayers, and then praying to God. After a while, he headed home to [[Medina]]. He was told why he had come to that place where his father and grandfather were killed. He said: "I visited my father and said prayers in this mosque". | ||
# '''The Place where Amir al-Mu'minin (a) was hit.''' | # '''The Place where Amir al-Mu'minin (a) was hit.''' | ||
# '''[[Mihrab]] of Amir al-Mu'minin (a):''' this is the place where [[Ibn Muljam al-Muradi]] hit the Imam's (a) head and martyred him. | # '''[[Mihrab]] of Amir al-Mu'minin (a):''' this is the place where [[Ibn Muljam al-Muradi]] hit the Imam's (a) head and martyred him. | ||
# '''Position of Imam al-Sadiq (a):''' a person reported: "in the [[Abbasid]] period, I once saw [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] entering the mosque from Bab al-Fil and saying prayers near the | # '''Position of Imam al-Sadiq (a):''' a person reported: "in the [[Abbasid]] period, I once saw [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] entering the mosque from Bab al-Fil and saying prayers near the forth pillar. | ||
# '''Position of [[Khidr]].''' | # '''Position of [[Khidr]].''' | ||
# '''The place where Noah's ship ran aground.''' | # '''The place where Noah's ship ran aground.''' | ||
==Recommended Practices of the Mosque== | ==Recommended Practices of the Mosque== | ||
{{main|Recommended Practices of the Mosque}} | {{main|Recommended Practices of the Mosque of Kufa}} | ||
There are recommended practices for the Mosque of Kufa, including [[ziyara]], prayers, and specific supplications mentioned in the practices of the Mosque of Kufa in ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]''. | There are recommended practices for the Mosque of Kufa, including [[ziyara]], prayers, and specific supplications mentioned in the practices of the Mosque of Kufa in ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]''. | ||
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* '''The Grave of al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi:''' al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi's grave is also located near the Mosque of Kufa close to that of Muslim b. 'Aqil and Hani b. 'Urwa. | * '''The Grave of al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi:''' al-Mukhtar al-Thaqafi's grave is also located near the Mosque of Kufa close to that of Muslim b. 'Aqil and Hani b. 'Urwa. | ||
==The Mosque in the Period of Imam al-Mahdi ( | ==The Mosque in the Period of Imam al-Mahdi (a)== | ||
According to a number of hadiths, Kufa will be the center of the global government of Imam al-Mahdi ( | According to a number of hadiths, Kufa will be the center of the global government of Imam al-Mahdi (a). [[Mufaddal b. 'Umar]] asked [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] about where Imam al-Mahdi (a) will govern. He replied: the center of his government will be Kufa, his governmental building will be the Great Mosque of Kufa, and his treasury (and the place where booties of wars will be distributed) will be the [[al-Sahla Mosque]]. | ||
* Development of mosques, especially the Mosque of Kufa: since many [[Shi'as]] will go to Kufa from different areas in order to see Imam al-Mahdi (a) or stay near him and in order for the Shi'as to easily attend [[congregational prayers]] behind the Imam (a), the mosque will be developed, one thousand gates will be opened to the mosque, and the Imam (a) will concern himself to develop all the mosques, and in particular, the Mosque of Kufa. | * Development of mosques, especially the Mosque of Kufa: since many [[Shi'as]] will go to Kufa from different areas in order to see Imam al-Mahdi (a) or stay near him and in order for the Shi'as to easily attend [[congregational prayers]] behind the Imam (a), the mosque will be developed, one thousand gates will be opened to the mosque, and the Imam (a) will concern himself to develop all the mosques, and in particular, the Mosque of Kufa. | ||
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* The Mosque of Kufa as a Center for Imam al-Mahdi's (a) Judgeship: Imam al-Sadiq (a) said: "the center of Imam al-Mahdi's (a) government will be in Kufa and the center of his judgeship will be the Mosque of Kufa". | * The Mosque of Kufa as a Center for Imam al-Mahdi's (a) Judgeship: Imam al-Sadiq (a) said: "the center of Imam al-Mahdi's (a) government will be in Kufa and the center of his judgeship will be the Mosque of Kufa". | ||
==See Also== | |||
{{cb|2}} | |||
*[[Al-Sahla Mosque]] | |||
*[[Jamkaran Mosque]] | |||
{{end}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
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