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[[File:The Four Books 1.jpg|thumbnail|250px|The Four Books]] | [[File:The Four Books 1.jpg|thumbnail|250px|The Four Books]] | ||
'''The Four Books''' | '''The Four Books''', known in Arabic as الکتب الأربعة or الأصول الأربعة, are the four main collections of [[hadith]] which form the basis of Shi'a beliefs and practices after the [[Qur'an]]. The Four Books are ''[[al-Kafi]]'', ''[[Tahdhib al-ahkam]]'', ''[[Al-Istibsar fi ma ikhtalaf min al-akhbar]]'' and ''[[Man la yahduruh al-faqih]]''. | ||
== ''Al-Kafi'' == | == ''Al-Kafi'' == | ||
''Al-Kafi'' | ''Al-Kafi'' was compiled by [[Al-Kulayni|Abu Ja‘far Muhammad b. Ya'qub Kulayni]] (d. 329 AH) during [[the Minor Occultation]] period. It contains 16,000 [[hadith|hadiths]] which are divided into the three general sections of ''usul'', ''furu‘'', and ''rawdah''. | ||
The section of ''usul'' contains hadith on beliefs, ''furu‘'' contains hadith concerning ''[[fiqh]]'', and ''rawdah'' covers hadith pertaining to ''[[akhlaq]]'' and morality.<ref> Modir Shanehchi, Tarikh-e Hadith, pp. 116 - 119.</ref> | |||
== ''Man la yahduruh al-Faqih'' == | == ''Man la yahduruh al-Faqih'' == | ||
This work is compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], Abu Ja‘far Muhammad b. Ali b. al-Husayn b. Babawayh al-Qummi (d. 381/991). | This work is compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]], Abu Ja‘far Muhammad b. Ali b. al-Husayn b. Babawayh al-Qummi (d. 381/991). | ||
It contains 6,000 | It contains 6,000 ahadith related to ''[[fiqh]]'' and practical rulings which al-Saduq deemed as authentic and used as the basis for his ''[[fatwa|fatwas]]''. <ref> Modir Shanehchi, Tarikh-e Hadith, pp. 130 - 135.</ref> | ||
== ''Tahdhib al-Ahkam'' == | == ''Tahdhib al-Ahkam'' == | ||
This hadith collection is compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi|Shaykh al-Ta’ifah Abu Ja‘far Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Tusi]] (d. 460/1067). The | This hadith collection is compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi|Shaykh al-Ta’ifah Abu Ja‘far Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Tusi]] (d. 460/1067). The ahadith it contains are mainly related to ''[[fiqh]]''. | ||
Al-Shaykh al-Tusi compiled this work by the order of [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] as a commentary on al-Mufid’s ''[[al-Muqni'ah]]''. | Al-Shaykh al-Tusi compiled this work by the order of [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]] as a commentary on al-Mufid’s ''[[al-Muqni'ah]]''. | ||
In this work, al-Tusi discusses rulings of ''[[fiqh]]'' ranging from ''[[taharah]]'' to ''diyat''. The order of the book's content is the same as that of [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]'s ''al-Muqni'ah''. | In this work, al-Tusi discusses rulings of ''[[fiqh]]'' ranging from ''[[taharah]]'' to ''diyat''. The order of the book's content is the same as that of [[al-Shaykh al-Mufid]]'s ''al-Muqni'ah''. | ||
It contains 393 chapters and a total of 13,590 | It contains 393 chapters and a total of 13,590 ahadith. | ||
There is a section on ''mashikhah'' at the end of this book | There is a section on ''mashikhah'' at the end of this book which includes al-Tusi’s chain of authorities for the sources he used in ''Tahdhib''.<ref> Modir Shanehchi, Tarikh-e Hadith, pp. 138 - 140.</ref> | ||
== ''Al-Istibsar fi ma ikhtalaf min al-akhbar'' == | == ''Al-Istibsar fi ma ikhtalaf min al-akhbar'' == | ||
This hadith collection is also compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]]. He compiled this work after ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' in response to some of his students’ requests. | This hadith collection is also compiled by [[al-Shaykh al-Tusi]]. He compiled this work after ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'' in response to some of his students’ requests. | ||
In this work, he collected only those | In this work, he collected only those ahadith on ''[[fiqh]]'' which apparently contradict each other. Like other ''fiqh'' references, the categorization of topics in this book begins with ''[[taharah]]'' and ends with ''[[diyat]]''. Under each topic, he first mentions the hadith he regards as authentic, then mentions the ones that apparently contradict them, and finally, tries to harmonize them. | ||
There are 5,511 hadiths in this book.<ref> Modir Shanehchi, Tarikh-e Hadith, pp. 148 - 150.</ref> | There are 5,511 hadiths in this book.<ref> Modir Shanehchi, Tarikh-e Hadith, pp. 148 - 150.</ref> | ||