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Dhawi l-Qurba: Difference between revisions
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==Literal Meaning== | ==Literal Meaning== | ||
The word | The Arabic word qurb ({{ia|قُرب}}) is an infinitive meaning closeness; an antonym of "bu'd" ({{ia|بُعد}}) which means remoteness. "Qirāba" ({{ia|قِرابة}}) and "qurbā" ({{ia|قُربی}}) mean kinship by blood.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿarab'', under the word "قرب"; Rāghib, ''al-Mufradāt fī gharīb al-Qurʾān'', p. 663. </ref> According to al-Zamakhshari, "qurba" is an infinitive like "zulfa" and "bushra", which means closeness.<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''Tafsīr al-kashshāf'', vol. 4, p. 220, 221.</ref> According to many Arabic dictionaries, "qurba" means kinship or relation by blood.<ref>Ibn Fāris, ''Muʿjam maqāyīs al-lugha'', vol. 5, p. 80.</ref> | ||
==Dhu l-Qurba in the Qur'an== | ==Dhu l-Qurba in the Qur'an== | ||
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* '''The [[Verse of Mawadda]]''': "Say: I do not ask of you any reward for it but love for my near relatives (al-qurba); and whoever earns good, We give him more of good therein; surely Allah is Forgiving, Grateful."<ref>Qurʾān, 42:23 .</ref> | * '''The [[Verse of Mawadda]]''': "Say: I do not ask of you any reward for it but love for my near relatives (al-qurba); and whoever earns good, We give him more of good therein; surely Allah is Forgiving, Grateful."<ref>Qurʾān, 42:23 .</ref> | ||
* '''The [[Verse of Khums]]''': "And know that whatever thing you gain, a fifth of it is for Allah and | * '''The [[Verse of Khums]]''': "And know that whatever thing you gain, a fifth of it is for Allah and the Messenger and the near of kin (Dhawi l-Qurba) and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer."<ref>Qurʾān, 8:41 .</ref> | ||
* '''The [[Verse of Fay']]''': "What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger from the people of the townships, belongs to Allah, to His Messenger and kindred (Dhawi l-Qurba) and orphans, the needy and the wayfarer; so that it may not (merely) make a circuit between the wealthy among you. So take what the Messenger assigns to you, and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you."<ref>Qurʾān, 59:7 .</ref> | * '''The [[Verse of Fay']]''': "What Allah has bestowed on His Messenger from the people of the townships, belongs to Allah, to His Messenger and kindred (Dhawi l-Qurba) and orphans, the needy and the wayfarer; so that it may not (merely) make a circuit between the wealthy among you. So take what the Messenger assigns to you, and deny yourselves that which he withholds from you."<ref>Qurʾān, 59:7 .</ref> | ||
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There are different views about the instances of "Dhawi l-Qurba" especially in the Verse of Mawadda. | There are different views about the instances of "Dhawi l-Qurba" especially in the Verse of Mawadda. | ||
* Relatives by marriage, that is, polytheists of the Quraysh: the majority of [[Sunni]] exegetes have appealed to some hadiths and interpreted "dhi | * Relatives by marriage, that is, polytheists of the Quraysh: the majority of [[Sunni]] exegetes have appealed to some hadiths and interpreted "dhi l-qurba" as referring to [[polytheists]] of the [[Quraysh]] who were relatives of the Prophet (s) by marriage. Thus, the verse should mean that the reward for the Prophet's (s) mission was the love for Quraysh polytheists. This interpretation is propounded by al-Tabari, Ibn Kathir, and al-Alusi. They support the interpretation with the fact that the [[Sura]] in which this verse occurs was [[Makki]]. They have ignored other hadiths from the Prophet (s) in which "dhi l-qurba" is interpreted differently because they take them unreliable.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 4, p. 56.</ref> | ||
* Relatives by marriage in Medina (and Ansar): some exegetes of the Qur'an believe that [[Ansar]] brought a lot of money and property for the Prophet (s), because they were his relatives through [[Salma bt. Zayd al-Najjar]] ([['Abd al-Muttalib]]'s mother) and [[Amina bt. Wahab]]. Thus, the verse was revealed that the Prophet (s) did not ask for any rewards except the love for the relatives. | * Relatives by marriage in Medina (and Ansar): some exegetes of the Qur'an believe that [[Ansar]] brought a lot of money and property for the Prophet (s), because they were his relatives through [[Salma bt. Zayd al-Najjar]] ([['Abd al-Muttalib]]'s mother) and [[Amina bt. Wahab]]. Thus, the verse was revealed that the Prophet (s) did not ask for any rewards except the love for the relatives. | ||