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Prophets: Difference between revisions
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===Difference between Nabi, Rasul, Imam, and Hujja=== | ===Difference between Nabi, Rasul, Imam, and Hujja=== | ||
Some [[kalam|theologians]] believe that the prophet is a more general notion than | Some [[kalam|theologians]] believe that the prophet is a more general notion than "Rasul" (messenger): "Rasul" is used to refer to a prophet who is in charge of guiding other people as well. However, some people believe that all prophets were "Rasul" as well. | ||
Of | Of "Rasuls", some of them also held the position of [[imamate]], such as [[Ulu l-'Azm]] prophets. "Hujja" literally means a convincing or decisive proof, and in addition to the reason or intellect, it also refers to divine messengers who function as decisive proofs or ultimatums for people. In his ''[[Mir'at al-'uqul]]'', [[al-'Allama al-Majlisi]] believes that in hadiths according to which the Earth never remains without a Hujja, "Hujja" refers to the prophets, [[Imams]], and [[Infallible]] successors of prophets. | ||
===Common Messages=== | ===Common Messages=== | ||
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==Number== | ==Number== | ||
In many hadiths, the number of the prophets is said to be 124000, and of these, 313 prophets are said to be | In many hadiths, the number of the prophets is said to be 124000, and of these, 313 prophets are said to be "Rasul" as well. Every prophet had a successor. According to some other hadiths, the number of the prophets was 8000. Al-'Allama al-Majlisi suggested that the latter hadiths only refer to prominent prophets. Other less known figures have also been mentioned, such as 320,000 and 140,000. In extant sources, very few prophets have been mentioned. | ||
===In the Qur'an=== | ===In the Qur'an=== | ||
Only 25 or 26 prophets have been mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]: [[Adam]] (20 times), [[Noah]] (Nuh) (43 times), [[Idris]] (2 times), [[Hud]] (10 times), [[Salih]] (10 times), [[Abraham]] (Ibrahim) (66 times), [[Lot]] (Lut) (27 times), [[Ishmael]] (Isma'il) (12 times), [[Elisha]] (Alyasha') (2 times), [[Dhu l-Kifl]] (2 times), [[Elijah]] (Ilyas) (2 times), [[Jonah]] (Yunus or [[Dhu l-Nun]]) (5 times), [[Isaac]] (Ishaq) (15 times), [[Jacob]] (Ya'qub) or [[Israel]] (16+2 times), [[Joseph]] (Yusuf) (22 times), [[Shoaib]] (11 times), [[Moses]] (Musa) (134 times), [[Aaron]] (Harun) (20 times), [[David]] (Dawud) (15 times), [[Solomon]] (Sulayman) (14 times), [[Job]] (Ayyub) (4 times), [[Zechariah]] (Zakariyya) (7 times), [[John]] (Yahya) (4 times), [[Jesus]] ('Isa) (23 times), and [[Muhammad]] (4 times). | Only 25 or 26 prophets have been mentioned in the [[Qur'an]]: [[Adam]] (20 times), [[Noah]] (Nuh) (43 times), [[Idris]] (2 times), [[Hud]] (10 times), [[Salih]] (10 times), [[Abraham]] (Ibrahim) (66 times), [[Lot]] (Lut) (27 times), [[Ishmael]] (Isma'il) (12 times), [[Elisha]] (Alyasha') (2 times), [[Dhu l-Kifl]] (2 times), [[Elijah]] (Ilyas) (2 times), [[Jonah]] (Yunus or [[Dhu l-Nun]]) (5 times), [[Isaac]] (Ishaq) (15 times), [[Jacob]] (Ya'qub) or [[Israel]] (16+2 times), [[Joseph]] (Yusuf) (22 times), [[Shoaib]] (11 times), [[Moses]] (Musa) (134 times), [[Aaron]] (Harun) (20 times), [[David]] (Dawud) (15 times), [[Solomon]] (Sulayman) (14 times), [[Job]] (Ayyub) (4 times), [[Zechariah]] (Zakariyya) (7 times), [[John]] (Yahya) (4 times), [[Jesus]] ('Isa) (23 times), and [[Muhammad]] (4 times). | ||
Some people believe that two distinct prophets have been mentioned in the Qur'an as | Some people believe that two distinct prophets have been mentioned in the Qur'an as "Isma'il" (Ishmael): Ishmael the son of Abraham, and Ishmael the son of [[Ezekiel]]. Some people have identified the two. There are people mentioned in the Qur'an but it is not known whether they were prophets: [[Dhu l-Qarnayn]], [[Joachim]] the father of [[Maryam]], [['Uzayr]], and [[Luqman]]. | ||
There are also some Quranic verses in which certain prophets are referred to by their characteristics and attributes, such as verses 243 and 246 of [[Sura al-Baqara]], respectively, about Ezkiel (Hizqil) and [[Samuel]] (Ishmu'il), or verse 259 of Sura al-Baqara about [[Jeremiah]] (Irmia) or 'Uzayr. The verse 65 of [[Sura al-Kahf]] is about [[Khidr]], but it is not known whether Khidr was a prophet. | There are also some Quranic verses in which certain prophets are referred to by their characteristics and attributes, such as verses 243 and 246 of [[Sura al-Baqara]], respectively, about Ezkiel (Hizqil) and [[Samuel]] (Ishmu'il), or verse 259 of Sura al-Baqara about [[Jeremiah]] (Irmia) or 'Uzayr. The verse 65 of [[Sura al-Kahf]] is about [[Khidr]], but it is not known whether Khidr was a prophet. | ||
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==Prophets with Books and Sharia== | ==Prophets with Books and Sharia== | ||
According to a [[hadith]] transmitted by [[Abu Dhar]] from [[the Prophet (s)]], God sent about 100 scriptures (Sahifa) and 4 books to prophets: 50 scriptures to Seth, 30 scriptures to Idris, 20 scriptures to Abraham, the Torah to Moses, the [[Zabur]] to David, the Gospel to Jesus, and the Qur'an to Muhammad, peace be upon them. The Qur'an does not point to the name of Abraham’s book and only refers to it as Abraham’s scriptures ( | According to a [[hadith]] transmitted by [[Abu Dhar]] from [[the Prophet (s)]], God sent about 100 scriptures (Sahifa) and 4 books to prophets: 50 scriptures to Seth, 30 scriptures to Idris, 20 scriptures to Abraham, the Torah to Moses, the [[Zabur]] to David, the Gospel to Jesus, and the Qur'an to Muhammad, peace be upon them. The Qur'an does not point to the name of Abraham’s book and only refers to it as Abraham’s scriptures ("Suhuf Ibrahim"). | ||
According to the verse 13 of [[Sura Shura]], Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad had their own [[sharia]]. Some scholars believe that these prophets are [[Ulu l-'Azm]] just because they had sharias. According to [['Allama Tabataba'i]], the first divine book and sharia were revealed to Noah. | According to the verse 13 of [[Sura Shura]], Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, and Muhammad had their own [[sharia]]. Some scholars believe that these prophets are [[Ulu l-'Azm]] just because they had sharias. According to [['Allama Tabataba'i]], the first divine book and sharia were revealed to Noah. | ||
==Different Rankings of Prophets== | ==Different Rankings of Prophets== | ||
According to the verse 55 of [[Sura al-Isra']], prophets have different rankings. According to some hadiths, the Prophet of Islam and his [[Twelve Successors]] are superior to other prophets. | According to the verse 55 of [[Sura al-Isra']], prophets have different rankings. According to some hadiths, the Prophet of Islam and his [[Twelve Imams|Twelve Successors]] are superior to other prophets. | ||
===Superiority to Angels=== | ===Superiority to Angels=== | ||
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{{main|Ulu l-'Azm}} | {{main|Ulu l-'Azm}} | ||
Some of the prophets are known as | Some of the prophets are known as "Ulu l-'Azm". The word, "'Azm", is said to have different meanings, such as determination, firm will, and pledge. The word, "Ulu l-'Azm", is used once in the [[Qur'an]], [[Sura al-Ahqaf]]. | ||
Different views have been proposed about who Ulu l-'Azm prophets were and whether they had a global or a more local mission. The predominant view is that | Different views have been proposed about who Ulu l-'Azm prophets were and whether they had a global or a more local mission. The predominant view is that "Ulu l-'Azm" refers to five prophets who had their own sharia: Noah, Abraham, Moses, Jesus, Muhammad, peace be upon them. | ||
==Prophets Buried in Iran== | ==Prophets Buried in Iran== | ||
According to the statistics of the Iranian Endowment and Charity Affairs Organization, there are 33 mausoleums in Iran which are attributed to prophets. Some of these attributions are suspicious because in some cases, different mausoleums are attributed to one and the same prophet. One of the best-known mausoleums of prophets in Iran is that of the prophet [[Daniel]] in [[Shush]] and [[Habakkuk]] (Habbaquq or Hayquq), an Israelite prophet, in Tuyserkan. | According to the statistics of the Iranian Endowment and Charity Affairs Organization, there are 33 mausoleums in Iran which are attributed to prophets. Some of these attributions are suspicious because in some cases, different mausoleums are attributed to one and the same prophet. One of the best-known mausoleums of prophets in Iran is that of the prophet [[Daniel]] in [[Shush]] and [[Habakkuk]] (Habbaquq or Hayquq), an Israelite prophet, in Tuyserkan. | ||
==References== | |||
* The material for writing this article has been mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/پیامبران پیامبران] in Farsi wikishia. | |||
[[fa:پیامبران]] | [[fa:پیامبران]] | ||
[[Category:Prophethood]] | |||
[[Category:Prophets]] | |||