Anonymous user
Marja': Difference between revisions
no edit summary
imported>Shakeri (add navbar) |
imported>M.r.seifi No edit summary |
||
| Line 28: | Line 28: | ||
[[Shiite]] authorities usually have a strong influence on their followers and even all the Shi'as, and thus, they can establish their social and political views.<ref>See: Naqībzāda wa Amānī, ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī'', p. 81-82.</ref> For example, after the [[fatwa]] of [[Sayyid Muhammad Mujahid]], a great number of the Shi'as went to war against the Russians<ref>Naqībzāda wa Amānī, ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī'', p. 99-100.</ref>; the fatwa of the tobacco ban by [[Mirza Shirazi]] led to the abolishment of the tobacco monopoly in Iran<ref>Naqībzāda wa Amānī, ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī'', p. 102.</ref>; and [[June 5, 1963 Demonstrations]] in Iran to protest the arrest of [[Ayatollah Khomeini]].<ref>Naqībzāda wa Amānī, ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī'', p. 103.</ref> | [[Shiite]] authorities usually have a strong influence on their followers and even all the Shi'as, and thus, they can establish their social and political views.<ref>See: Naqībzāda wa Amānī, ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī'', p. 81-82.</ref> For example, after the [[fatwa]] of [[Sayyid Muhammad Mujahid]], a great number of the Shi'as went to war against the Russians<ref>Naqībzāda wa Amānī, ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī'', p. 99-100.</ref>; the fatwa of the tobacco ban by [[Mirza Shirazi]] led to the abolishment of the tobacco monopoly in Iran<ref>Naqībzāda wa Amānī, ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī'', p. 102.</ref>; and [[June 5, 1963 Demonstrations]] in Iran to protest the arrest of [[Ayatollah Khomeini]].<ref>Naqībzāda wa Amānī, ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī'', p. 103.</ref> | ||
According to the Sunni scholar, [[Muhammad Rashid Rida]], no Sunni scholar has had the influence of Shiite mujtahids—especially those educated in the Islamic seminary of Najaf—neither alone nor collectively. He mentions as examples the boycott of elections in Iraq in the period of the [[King Faisal]] and the tobacco ban by Mirza Shirazi.<ref>Rashīd al-Riḍā, ''Al-Khilāfa aw al-Imāma al-ʿuẓmā'', p. 90.</ref> Samuel Benjamin, a US envoy to Iran, said that the most important mujtahid in Tehran commutes with a mule and only has one servant, but he can topple down the king with one word.<ref> | According to the Sunni scholar, [[Muhammad Rashid Rida]], no Sunni scholar has had the influence of Shiite mujtahids—especially those educated in the Islamic seminary of Najaf—neither alone nor collectively. He mentions as examples the boycott of elections in Iraq in the period of the [[King Faisal]] and the tobacco ban by Mirza Shirazi.<ref>Rashīd al-Riḍā, ''Al-Khilāfa aw al-Imāma al-ʿuẓmā'', p. 90.</ref> Samuel Benjamin, a US envoy to Iran, said that the most important mujtahid in Tehran commutes with a mule and only has one servant, but he can topple down the king with one word.<ref>Abrahamian, ''Tārīkh-i Īrān-i mudirn'', p. 41.</ref> | ||
==Historical Periods of Marja'yya== | ==Historical Periods of Marja'yya== | ||
| Line 96: | Line 96: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* | *Abrahamian, Ervand. ''Tārīkh-i Īrān-i mudirn''. Translated by Muḥammad Ibrāhīm Fattāḥī. Tehran: Nashr-i Niy, 1392 Sh. | ||
*Ḥāʾirī, ʿAbd al-Hādī. ''Tashayyuʿ wa mashrūṭīyyat dar | *Ḥāʾirī, ʿAbd al-Hādī. ''Tashayyuʿ wa mashrūṭīyyat dar Irān''. Tehran: Amīrkabīr, 1387 Sh. | ||
*Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. ''Tashayyuʿ dar | *Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. ''Tashayyuʿ dar ʿIrāq marjaʿīyya wa Īrān''. Tehran: Muʾassisa-yi Muṭāliʿāt-i Tarīkh-i Muʿāṣir-i Īrān, 1386 Sh. | ||
*Khomeini, Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh al-. ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil''. Tehran: 1426 AH. | *Khomeini, Sayyid Rūḥ Allāh al-. ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil''. Tehran: n.p., 1426 AH. | ||
*Naqībzāda, Sayyid Aḥmad wa Amānī, Zūrām. ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī''. Tehran: Markaz-i Asnād-i Inqilāb-i Islāmī, 1382 Sh. | *Naqībzāda, Sayyid Aḥmad wa Amānī, Zūrām. ''Naqsh-i Rūḥānīyyat-i Shīʿa dar pīrūzī-yi inqilāb-i Islāmī''. Tehran: Markaz-i Asnād-i Inqilāb-i Islāmī, 1382 Sh. | ||
*Qurbānī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. ''Tārikh-i taqlīd dar Shīʿa wa sayr-i taḥawwul-i ān''. Mashhad: Bunyād-i Pazhūhish hāyi Islāmī, 1394 Sh. | *Qurbānī, Muḥammad ʿAlī. ''Tārikh-i taqlīd dar Shīʿa wa sayr-i taḥawwul-i ān''. Mashhad: Bunyād-i Pazhūhish hāyi Islāmī, 1394 Sh. | ||