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Marja': Difference between revisions
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→The Beginning of Marja'iyya with Sahib al-Jawahir
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In 1337/1918 when [['Abd al-Karim al-Ha'iri al-Yazdi]] moved to [[Qom]], a new period of the [[Islamic Seminary of Qom]] began. Sayyid al-Yazdi died in the same year. When the Islamic Seminary of Qom was taking shape and Sayyid al-Yazdi and [[Shaykh al-Shari'a Isfahani]] (d. 1339/1920) died, part of the Shiite authority moved to Iran along with al-Ha'iri himself. [[Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi]]'s migration to Qom in 1363/1943 and his activities led to the burgeoning of the Islamic Seminary of Qom. After the death of [[Sayyid Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani]] (d. 1946) who lived in Najaf, Burujirdi was the prominent Shiite authority until 1961.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Tashayyuʿ dar ʿArāq marjaʿīyya wa Īrān'', p. 79.</ref> | In 1337/1918 when [['Abd al-Karim al-Ha'iri al-Yazdi]] moved to [[Qom]], a new period of the [[Islamic Seminary of Qom]] began. Sayyid al-Yazdi died in the same year. When the Islamic Seminary of Qom was taking shape and Sayyid al-Yazdi and [[Shaykh al-Shari'a Isfahani]] (d. 1339/1920) died, part of the Shiite authority moved to Iran along with al-Ha'iri himself. [[Sayyid Husayn Burujirdi]]'s migration to Qom in 1363/1943 and his activities led to the burgeoning of the Islamic Seminary of Qom. After the death of [[Sayyid Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani]] (d. 1946) who lived in Najaf, Burujirdi was the prominent Shiite authority until 1961.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Tashayyuʿ dar ʿArāq marjaʿīyya wa Īrān'', p. 79.</ref> | ||
After the death of Ayatollah Burujirdi, Marja'iyya was not | After the death of Ayatollah Burujirdi, Marja'iyya was not passed on a single person. There were a number of Shiite authorities in Iran and Iraq in this period.<ref>Qurbānī, ''Tārikh-i taqlīd dar Shīʿa'', p. 373.</ref> Although in the early years of this period, [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim]] (d. 1390/1970) in Najaf was more outstanding than others<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Tashayyuʿ dar ʿArāq marjaʿīyya wa Īrān'', p. 81.</ref>, late in this period of 33 years, [[Sayyid Ruh Allah Khomeini]] (d. 1409/1989), the founder of the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]], turned into the most widely accepted Shiite authority in Iran and [[Sayyid Abu l-Qasim Khu'i]] turned into the most influential Najaf-based Shiite authority. | ||
After the death of Sayyid Abu l-Qasim Khu'i in 1413/1992, the global Shiite authority was concentrated in Qom for three years. This was because of the death of Shiite authorities in Najaf, the deportation of many Iranian scholars from the Islamic Seminary of Najaf, and the restrictions imposed by the ruling [[Ba'ath Party]] in Iraq. The compulsory migration of Najaf-based Iranian scholars led to the thriving of the Islamic Seminary of Qom and the weakness of the Islamic Seminary of Najaf. In this rather short period, [[Sayyid Muhammad Rida Gulpayigani]] and [[Muhammad 'Ali Araki]] were the most prominent Shiite authorities. | After the death of Sayyid Abu l-Qasim Khu'i in 1413/1992, the global Shiite authority was concentrated in Qom for three years. This was because of the death of Shiite authorities in Najaf, the deportation of many Iranian scholars from the Islamic Seminary of Najaf, and the restrictions imposed by the ruling [[Ba'ath Party]] in Iraq. The compulsory migration of Najaf-based Iranian scholars led to the thriving of the Islamic Seminary of Qom and the weakness of the Islamic Seminary of Najaf. In this rather short period, [[Sayyid Muhammad Rida Gulpayigani]] and [[Muhammad 'Ali Araki]] were the most prominent Shiite authorities. | ||