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Marja': Difference between revisions
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==Marja'iyya== | ==Marja'iyya== | ||
Marja'iyya is the most important social and religious position in the Shiite community. Marja' is a mujtahid who is followed by a number of the Shi'as, that is, some Shi'as practice their religious acts in accordance with that of mujtahid's jurisprudential views | Marja'iyya is the most important social and religious position in the Shiite community. Marja' is a [[mujtahid]] (jurist) who is followed by a number of the Shi'as, that is, some Shi'as practice their religious acts in accordance with that of mujtahid's [[fatwa|jurisprudential views]] and pay their judicial alms (al-wujuhat) to him or his representatives. To follow a religious scholar in this way is called "[[taqlid]]".<ref>See: Ṭabāṭabāʾī al-Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 4; Raḥmān Sitāyish, ''Taqlīd'', p. 789.</ref> | ||
The extent of the social influence of a Marja' depends on the number of his followers. The financial power of a Marja' is reinforced by the judicial alms paid by his followers. Shiite authorities can spend these financial resources in religious propagation, administration of [[Al-Hawza al-'Ilmiyya|Islamic Seminaries]], helping people in need, and public services. | The extent of the social influence of a Marja' depends on the number of his followers. The financial power of a Marja' is reinforced by the judicial alms paid by his followers. Shiite authorities can spend these financial resources in religious propagation, administration of [[Al-Hawza al-'Ilmiyya|Islamic Seminaries]], helping people in need, and public services. | ||
===Conditions of Marja'iyya=== | ===Conditions of Marja'iyya=== | ||
A [[mujtahid]] can qualify as a marja' if | A [[mujtahid]] can qualify as a marja' if he meets some requirements the most important of which is that he should be superior to other qualified mujtahids with regard to his scholarship in [[fiqh]]. Other conditions include justice, being a man, maturity, and sanity. Then, it is permissible to follow his fatwas, that is, to act upon his jurisprudential views.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī al-Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 26-27.</ref> | ||
===Procedures of Selection=== | ===Procedures of Selection=== | ||
A Marja' is not selected by appointment. A person becomes a | A Marja' is not selected by appointment. A person becomes a Shi'i authority when the Shi'as accept him as an authority. In essays of fatwas (al-rasa'il al-'amaliyya), some ways are introduced for finding out about a person who is qualified for Marja'iyya: personal knowledge, judicial evidence (that two qualified persons testify that someone is [[A'lam]]—superior in scholarship), being well-known as A'lam<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī al-Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā'', vol. 1, p. 24-25.</ref>, or being introduced by a group of scholars such that their views lead to personal knowledge.<ref>Khomeini, ''Tawḍīḥ al-masāʾil'', p. 12.</ref> | ||
===Tasks=== | ===Tasks=== | ||
The most important task of a Marja' is to issue | The most important task of a Marja' is to issue [[fatwa]]s for his followers in religious matters. However, Marja'iyya is not restricted to issuing fatwas. Shi'i authorities are usually well-known teachers of Islamic seminaries, and Islamic seminaries are administered under their supervision. | ||
===Financial Resources=== | ===Financial Resources=== | ||