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{{Shi'a Beliefs-Vertical}} | {{Shi'a Beliefs-Vertical}} | ||
'''Marjaʿ''' (Arabic: {{ia|مرجع}}; literally: authority to which one turns) is a [[mujtahid|jurist and religious scholar]] whose [[fatwa|edicts]] about [[Fiqh|jurisprudential]] issues are followed and acted upon by a group of [[Shi'a]] and to whom his followers give their [[al-wujuhat al-shar'iyya| | '''Marjaʿ''' (Arabic: {{ia|مرجع}}; literally: authority to which one turns) is a [[mujtahid|jurist and religious scholar]] whose [[fatwa|edicts]] about [[Fiqh|jurisprudential]] issues are followed and acted upon by a group of [[Shi'a]] and to whom his followers give their [[al-wujuhat al-shar'iyya|religious taxes and fines]]. '''Al-Marjaʿīyya''' (Arabic: {{ia|المَرجَعیّة}}, literally: religious authority) is the position of giving edicts and is the highest religious ranking for [[Twelver Shi'a]]s. The position is not held by appointment. The Shi'as usually make inquiries about the person who qualifies as an authority by consulting with religious scholars and clergies. The most crucial condition to qualify for Marja'iyya is [[a'lamiyya|scholarly superiority]] to other jurists. The followers of Marja' are called his "Muqallids" (who adopts Marja's edicts). | ||
Given the demographic, several [[mujtahid]]s (jurists) usually undertake the position of Marja'iyya in each period, and in very few cases, one mujtahid is considered by the majority of the Shi'as in the world as the absolute authority. These jurists are usually referred to by honorary titles, such as Grand Ayatollah and [[Ayatollah]]. Most of the Shiite authorities were based in [[Iraq]] ([[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], and [[Samarra]]) and [[Iran]] ([[Qom]], [[Mashhad]], [[Isfahan]], and [[Tehran]]). | Given the demographic, several [[mujtahid]]s (jurists) usually undertake the position of Marja'iyya in each period, and in very few cases, one mujtahid is considered by the majority of the Shi'as in the world as the absolute authority. These jurists are usually referred to by honorary titles, such as Grand Ayatollah and [[Ayatollah]]. Most of the Shiite authorities were based in [[Iraq]] ([[Najaf]], [[Karbala]], and [[Samarra]]) and [[Iran]] ([[Qom]], [[Mashhad]], [[Isfahan]], and [[Tehran]]). | ||