Marja': Difference between revisions

The global concentrated marja'iyya began in the [[Seminary of Najaf]] in the 13th/19th century with [[Muhamamd Hasan al-Najafi]] and [[al-Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari]]. Since then, [[Shiite]] authorities were always based in [[Iraq]], and in particular, in [[Najaf]]. In addition to Najaf, some Shi'i authorities resided in [[Karbala]]. In the period of [[al-Sayyid Muhammad Hasan al-Shirazi]], the Shiite authority moved to [[Samarra]]. [[Al-Akhud al-Khurasani]], [[Sayyid Kazim Yazdi]], and [[Sayyid Abu l-Hasan Isfahani]] were Shiite authorities in Najaf. In the years 1365/1945 - 1380/1960, the Shiite authority was concentrated in [[Ayatollah Burujirdi]] in Qom, but at the same time, [[al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Hakim]] (d. 1970) and [[al-Sayyid Mahmud al-Husayni al-Shahrudi]] (d. 1974) were followed by some Shiite populations. When Ayatollah Burujirdi died in 1961, al-Hakim, al-Shahrudi, and al-Khoei (d. 1992) undertook the Shiite authority in Najaf. Because of the long period between the deaths of al-Shahrudi and al-Khoei, al-Khoei turned into one of the most influential Shiite authorities. From 1965 to 1979, Ruhollah Khomeini was banished from Iran to Iraq and lived in Najaf.