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Salam: Difference between revisions
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'''Salam''' (Arabic:{{ia|سلام}}) is an Islamic greeting and salutation. It literally means health, safety or peace. The [[Qur'an]] and [[hadith]]s have emphasized on saying Salam and counted it as one of the highly recommended acts ([[mustahab]]) in Islam. Responding Salam is an immediate obligation (al-Wajib al-Fawri) even for one who is [[Salat|praying]]; however, if a person from a group responds to Salam, it is no longer an obligation to the others to respond. Saying Salam has special etiquette and rulings, and it has several functions in the Qur'an and Islamic tradition. | '''Salam''' (Arabic:{{ia|سلام}}) is an Islamic greeting and salutation. It literally means health, safety or peace. The [[Qur'an]] and [[hadith]]s have emphasized on saying Salam and counted it as one of the highly recommended acts ([[mustahab]]) in [[Islam]]. Responding Salam is an immediate obligation ([[al-Wajib al-Fawri]]) even for one who is [[Salat|praying]]; however, if a person from a group responds to Salam, it is no longer an obligation to the others to respond. Saying Salam has special etiquette and rulings, and it has several functions in the Qur'an and Islamic tradition. | ||
==Meaning and Phrase== | ==Meaning and Phrase== | ||
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===Salam a Divine Attribute=== | ===Salam a Divine Attribute=== | ||
Salam is one of [[Allah | Salam is one of [[Allah's attributes]], that can have three meanings. | ||
* First, as a Negative Attribute that indicates the almighty God is pure from all shortcomings which relate to His creatures. Supporting and explaining this meaning [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] says, interpreting this verse of the Qur'an "For them will be Dar al-Salam (house of peace) near their Lord,": Salam is God and Dar is Paradise. Paradise is called | * First, as a [[Negative Attribute]] that indicates the almighty God is pure from all shortcomings which relate to His creatures. Supporting and explaining this meaning [[al-Shaykh al-Saduq]] says, interpreting this verse of the Qur'an "For them will be Dar al-Salam (house of peace) near their Lord,": Salam is God and Dar is Paradise. Paradise is called dar al-salam because it is away from this world's shortcomings. | ||
* Second, is an Attribute of Action, which means the health giver. | * Second, is an [[Attribute of Action]], which means the health giver. | ||
* Third, is a Positive Attribute that means the Saluter. | * Third, is a [[Positive Attribute]] that means the Saluter. | ||
==Importance== | ==Importance== | ||
The Qur'an has counted Salam as the greeting of dwellers of Paradise, and has ordered Muslims to say Salam. In [[hadith]]s, it is counted as one of [[ | The Qur'an has counted Salam as the greeting of dwellers of [[Paradise]], and has ordered Muslims to say Salam. In [[hadith]]s, it is counted as one of the [[Prophet's traditions]] and as one of the highly recommended acts (Mustahab). It is narrated from the Prophet (s): "Do not respond to one who has started speaking without Salam." | ||
==Etiquette== | ==Etiquette== | ||
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===Proper Salam=== | ===Proper Salam=== | ||
Imam al-Sadiq (a): "Whoever says 'al-Salam 'Alaykum' there are 10 good [deeds' reward] for him and whoever says 'al-Salam 'Alaykum wa Rahmat Allah' there are 20 good for him, and whoever says 'al-Salam 'Alaykum wa Rahmat Allah wa Barakatuh' there are 30 good for him." Based on Islamic traditions, it is better to respond Salam or a greeting by a more complete or at least the same phrase. The Qur'an reads: "When you are greeted with a salute, greet with a better one than it, or return it; indeed, Allah takes account of all things | Imam al-Sadiq (a): "Whoever says 'al-Salam 'Alaykum' there are 10 good [deeds' reward] for him and whoever says 'al-Salam 'Alaykum wa Rahmat Allah' there are 20 good for him, and whoever says 'al-Salam 'Alaykum wa Rahmat Allah wa Barakatuh' there are 30 good for him." Based on Islamic traditions, it is better to respond Salam or a greeting by a more complete or at least the same phrase. The Qur'an reads: "When you are greeted with a salute, greet with a better one than it, or return it; indeed, Allah takes account of all things"(Qur'an 4:86) | ||
Moreover, shaking hands, while saying Salam, with the one who is not going to travel and hugging the one who wants to travel is Mustahab (recommended). | Moreover, shaking hands, while saying Salam, with the one who is not going to travel and hugging the one who wants to travel is Mustahab (recommended). | ||
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To say Salam first is highly recommended (Mustahab) and abandoning it is disliked (Makruh), however the one who is in the middle of Salat must not say Salam first. It is also recommended to say Salam to yourself when entering an empty house, using this phrase: "al-Salam 'Alayna min 'ind Rabbina" (A Salam from our Lord be upon us). Likewise, saying Salam for good-bye when leaving a place is Mustahab, however there is disagreement whether its response is [[Wajib]] (obligatory) or Mustahab (recommended). | To say Salam first is highly recommended (Mustahab) and abandoning it is disliked (Makruh), however the one who is in the middle of Salat must not say Salam first. It is also recommended to say Salam to yourself when entering an empty house, using this phrase: "al-Salam 'Alayna min 'ind Rabbina" (A Salam from our Lord be upon us). Likewise, saying Salam for good-bye when leaving a place is Mustahab, however there is disagreement whether its response is [[Wajib]] (obligatory) or Mustahab (recommended). | ||
Men are allowed to say Salam to non-Mahram women, and vice versa, unless there is fear of committing a sin. However, some have asserted that it is Makruh (disliked) for a man to say Salam to a young non-Mahram woman. | Men are allowed to say Salam to [[non-Mahram]] women, and vice versa, unless there is fear of committing a sin. However, some have asserted that it is Makruh (disliked) for a man to say Salam to a young non-Mahram woman. | ||
===Response of Salam=== | ===Response of Salam=== | ||
Saying Salam is Mustahab; but responding it is Wajib (obligatory) even for the one who is in the middle of a prayer. Responding Salam is al-Wajib al-Fawri (immediate obligation), i.e. it must be replied immediately. | Saying Salam is Mustahab; but responding it is Wajib (obligatory) even for the one who is in the middle of a prayer. Responding Salam is [[al-Wajib al-Fawri]] (immediate obligation), i.e. it must be replied immediately. | ||
Moreover, responding a Salam is also al-Wajib al-Kifa'i (collective compulsion) i.e. if a person from a group respond the Salam, it is no longer Wajib for others to respond it. According to majority of Faqihs the response must be loud enough to be heard by the one who said Salam first; nevertheless, some have doubted its obligation and some said that during prayer a quiet response will suffice as well. | Moreover, responding a Salam is also [[al-Wajib al-Kifa'i]] (collective compulsion) i.e. if a person from a group respond the Salam, it is no longer Wajib for others to respond it. According to majority of Faqihs the response must be loud enough to be heard by the one who said Salam first; nevertheless, some have doubted its obligation and some said that during prayer a quiet response will suffice as well. | ||
Responding a Salam delivered by another person is not Wajib, although it is Mustahab to respond it by: "'Alayk wa 'Alayh al-Salam" (be upon you and upon him the peace). Likewise, responding to a written Salam - as in letters - is not Wajib, but Mustahab. | Responding a Salam delivered by another person is not Wajib, although it is Mustahab to respond it by: "'Alayk wa 'Alayh al-Salam" (be upon you and upon him the peace). Likewise, responding to a written Salam - as in letters - is not Wajib, but Mustahab. | ||