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Salam: Difference between revisions
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===Response of Salam=== | ===Response of Salam=== | ||
Saying Salam is mustahab; but responding it is [[wajib]] even for the one who is in the middle of a prayer. Responding Salam is [[al-wajib al-fawri]] (immediate obligation), i.e. it must be replied immediately. | Saying Salam is mustahab; but responding it is [[wajib]] even for the one who is in the middle of a prayer.<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''Miftāḥ al-kirāma,'' vol. 4, p. 973; Narāqī, ''Mustanad al-Shīʿa'', vol. 7, p. 67.</ref> Responding Salam is [[al-wajib al-fawri]] (immediate obligation),<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''Miftāḥ al-kirāma,'' vol. 4, p. 969; Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām,'' vol. 11, p. 111.</ref> i.e. it must be replied immediately.<ref>Muḥaqqiq Sabziwārī, ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād,'' p. 367; Baḥrānī, ''Al-Ḥadāʾiq al-nāḍira,'' vol. 9, p. 81.</ref> | ||
Moreover, responding a Salam is also [[al-wajib al-kifa'i]] (collective compulsion) i.e. if a person from a group respond the Salam, it is no longer wajib for others to respond it. According to majority of faqihs the response must be loud enough to be heard by the one who said Salam first; nevertheless, some have doubted its obligation and some said that during [[prayer]] a quiet response will suffice as well. | Moreover, responding a Salam is also [[al-wajib al-kifa'i]] (collective compulsion) i.e. if a person from a group respond the Salam, it is no longer wajib for others to respond it.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām,'' vol. 11, p. 106.</ref> According to majority of faqihs the response must be loud enough to be heard by the one who said Salam first;<ref>Muḥaqqiq Sabziwārī, ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād,'' p. 366; Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām,'' vol. 11, p. 108.</ref> nevertheless, some have doubted its obligation<ref>Muqaddas Ardibīlī, ''Majmaʿ al-fāʾida'', vol. 3, p. 119-120.</ref> and some said that during [[prayer]] a quiet response will suffice as well.<ref>Ḥillī, ''Al-Muʿtabar,'' vol. 2, p. 264.</ref> | ||
Responding a Salam delivered by another person is not wajib, although it is mustahab to respond it by: "'Alayk wa 'Alayh al-Salam" (be upon you and upon him the peace). Likewise, responding to a written Salam - as in letters - is not wajib, but [[mustahab]]. | Responding a Salam delivered by another person<ref>It means that someone says that another person greeted(said hello to) you.</ref> is not wajib, although it is mustahab to respond it by: "'Alayk wa 'Alayh al-Salam" (be upon you and upon him the peace).<ref>Baḥrānī, ''Al-Ḥadāʾiq al-nāḍira,'' vol. 9, p. 82.</ref> Likewise, responding to a written Salam - as in letters - is not wajib, but [[mustahab]].<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām,'' vol. 11, p. 110-111.</ref> | ||
===Saying Salam in Salat=== | ===Saying Salam in Salat=== | ||
To be the first one to say Salam while praying is not permissible; however, responding to Salam is wajib in this state. According to majority of faqihs, the response of Salam while praying must be the same as Salam, i.e. if someone said "Salam 'Alaykum" the one who is praying must respond "Salam 'Alaykum"; while other responses such as "'Alaykum al-Salam" are not allowed. | To be the first one to say Salam while praying is not permissible;<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī, ''Al-ʿUrwat al-wuthqā,'' vol. 3, p. 15.</ref> however, responding to Salam is wajib in this state.<ref>ʿĀmilī, ''Miftāḥ al-kirāma,'' vol. 4, p. 973; Narāqī, ''Mustanad al-Shīʿa'', vol. 7, p. 67.</ref> According to majority of faqihs, the response of Salam while praying must be the same as Salam, i.e. if someone said "Salam 'Alaykum" the one who is praying must respond "Salam 'Alaykum"; while other responses such as "'Alaykum al-Salam" are not allowed.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām,'' vol. 11, p. 101.</ref> | ||
==Salam in Qur'an== | ==Salam in Qur'an== | ||
Salam and its derivatives have been used 140 times in the [[Qur'an]]. In his book ''al-Salam fi al-Qur'an wa al-hadith'', al-Gharawi maintains that Salam has been used in various meanings in the Qur'an, and by studying these usages it can be concluded that Salam has four main meanings in the Qur'an: | Salam and its derivatives have been used 140 times in the [[Qur'an]].<ref>Rūḥānī, ''Al-Muʿjam al-Iḥsāʾī'', vol. 1, p. 485.</ref> In his book ''al-Salam fi al-Qur'an wa al-hadith'', al-Gharawi maintains that Salam has been used in various meanings in the Qur'an, and by studying these usages it can be concluded that Salam has four main meanings in the Qur'an:<ref>Gharawī, ''Al-Salām fī l-Qurʾān wa l-ḥadīth'', p. 28-29.</ref> | ||
* An attribute of God: "He is Allah—there is no god except Him—the Sovereign, the All-holy, the Impeccable …" | * An attribute of God: "He is Allah—there is no god except Him—the Sovereign, the All-holy, the Impeccable …".<ref>Qur'an, 59:23.</ref> | ||
* Peace and leaving war: "do not say to someone who offers you peace, 'You are not a believer,' …" | * Peace and leaving war: "do not say to someone who offers you peace, 'You are not a believer,' …".<ref>Qur'an, 4:94.</ref> | ||
* Universal primary peace: "O you who have faith! Enter into peace (and reconciliation), all together …" | * Universal primary peace: "O you who have faith! Enter into peace (and reconciliation), all together …".<ref>Qur'an, 2:208.</ref> | ||
* Greeting and salutation: the author believes that Salam has been used in this meaning in many case in the Qur'an. He mentions that in 10 verses of the Qur'an, Salam is explicitly used in this meaning. | * Greeting and salutation:<ref>Qur'an, 37:79-109-120-130-181; Qur'an, 11:48; Qur'an, 27:59; Qur'an, 6:54; Qur'an, 51:25; Qur'an, 13:23-24.</ref> the author believes that Salam has been used in this meaning in many case in the Qur'an and it is a comprehensive meaning that includes all the other meanings of this word.<ref>Gharawī, ''Al-Salām fī l-Qurʾān wa l-ḥadīth,'' p. 29.</ref> He mentions that in 10 verses of the Qur'an, Salam is explicitly used in this meaning.<ref>Gharawī, ''Al-Salām fī l-Qurʾān wa l-ḥadīth'', p. 19-56.</ref> | ||
==Salam of Salat== | ==Salam of Salat== | ||
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*"Al-Salam 'Alayk Ayyuh al-Nabi wa Rahmat Allah wa Barakatuh" (peace be upon you, O Prophet, and God's mercy and blessings) | *"Al-Salam 'Alayk Ayyuh al-Nabi wa Rahmat Allah wa Barakatuh" (peace be upon you, O Prophet, and God's mercy and blessings) | ||
*"Al-Salam 'Alayna wa 'ala 'Ibad Allah al-Salihin" (peace be upon us and God's righteous servants) | *"Al-Salam 'Alayna wa 'ala 'Ibad Allah al-Salihin" (peace be upon us and God's righteous servants) | ||
*"Al-Salam 'Alaykum wa Rahmat Allah wa Barakatuh" (peace be upon you and God's mercy and blessings) | *"Al-Salam 'Alaykum wa Rahmat Allah wa Barakatuh" (peace be upon you and God's mercy and blessings)<ref>The translation of Tashahhud and Taslim (saying Salam) of prayer.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||