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Intellect: Difference between revisions
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'''Intellect''' or '''reason''' (Arabic: {{ia|العَقل}}) is a human cognitive faculty and one of [[the Four Sources]] for the deduction of the laws of sharia or jurisprudential rulings. According to epistemologists, the intellect is a faculty which cognizes general concepts and has two functions: intuition (cognition of self-evident propositions) and reasoning (discovery of theoretical knowledge). The intellect or reason is of two kinds: theoretical and practical. The theoretical reason cognizes the facts—what is there—and the practical reason has a prescriptive or imperative function—what ought or ought not to be done. According to some [[ | <onlyinclude>{{#ifeq:{{{section|editorial box}}}|editorial box|{{Editorial Box | ||
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'''Intellect''' or '''reason''' (Arabic: {{ia|العَقل}}) is a human cognitive faculty and one of [[the Four Sources]] for the deduction of the laws of [[sharia]] or jurisprudential rulings. According to epistemologists, the intellect is a faculty which cognizes general concepts and has two functions: intuition (cognition of self-evident propositions) and reasoning (discovery of theoretical knowledge). The intellect or reason is of two kinds: theoretical and practical. The theoretical reason cognizes the facts—what is there—and the practical reason has a prescriptive or imperative function—what ought or ought not to be done. According to some [[hadith]]s, the intellect is particularly significant, counting as [[God]]'s proofs for human beings along with the [[prophets]]. Also, along with the [[Qur'an]], the [[Tradition]], and [[Consensus]], the intellect counts as one of the Four Sources for the deduction of jurisprudential rulings in the [[Shiite]] fiqh. Shiite scholars prove some principles and rules of [[fiqh]] (jurisprudence) and [[usul al-fiqh]] (principles of jurisprudence) on the basis of intellectual reasoning. | |||
==As a Source of Knowledge== | ==As a Source of Knowledge== | ||
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Source of jurisprudential rulings along with the Qur'an and the Tradition: the intellect or reasoning is sometimes an independent source for jurisprudential rulings, such as rulings discovered through [[rational goodness and badness]] (al-husn wa l-qubh al-'aqli), and is sometimes a supplementary reason along with another jurisprudential ruling, such as cases in which a new jurisprudential ruling is discovered through a relation of implication between a jurisprudential ruling and a rational principle. | Source of jurisprudential rulings along with the Qur'an and the Tradition: the intellect or reasoning is sometimes an independent source for jurisprudential rulings, such as rulings discovered through [[rational goodness and badness]] (al-husn wa l-qubh al-'aqli), and is sometimes a supplementary reason along with another jurisprudential ruling, such as cases in which a new jurisprudential ruling is discovered through a relation of implication between a jurisprudential ruling and a rational principle. | ||
Proof for the reliability of religious texts: a condition for the reliability of, and the legitimacy of acting upon, hadiths is that they do not contradict an obvious rational or intellectual principle. For example, if there is an obvious rational reasoning for the [[infallibility]] of the Prophet (s), then any hadith negating the | Proof for the reliability of religious texts: a condition for the reliability of, and the legitimacy of acting upon, hadiths is that they do not contradict an obvious rational or intellectual principle. For example, if there is an obvious rational reasoning for the [[infallibility]] of the Prophet (s), then any hadith negating the Prophet's (s) infallibility should be considered as unreliable. | ||
Indirect contribution to the deduction of jurisprudential rulings from the Qur'an and the Tradition: some jurisprudential principles with which jurisprudential rulings are deduced from the Qur'an and the Tradition are discovered by the intellect. | Indirect contribution to the deduction of jurisprudential rulings from the Qur'an and the Tradition: some jurisprudential principles with which jurisprudential rulings are deduced from the Qur'an and the Tradition are discovered by the intellect. | ||