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Sura al-A'la: Difference between revisions
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'''Sura al-Aʿlā''' (Arabic: {{ia|سورة الأَعلی}}) is | '''Sura al-Aʿlā''' (Arabic: {{ia|سورة الأَعلی}}) is eighty seventh [[sura]] of the [[Qur'an]] and a [[Makki]] sura located in [[juz']] thirty. The name of the sura is adopted from its first verse, meaning "the most Exalted". First verses of the sura call the [[Prophet (s)]] to glorify God and then mentions seven attributes for God and then speaks of humble believers and wretched disbelievers and mentions the causes of happiness and wretchedness of the two groups. | ||
About the merits of [[recitation]] of this sura, it is narrated from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites this sura, [[God]] will [[reward]] him as many as ten rewards for each word He revealed to [[Abraham (a)]], [[Moses (a)]], and Muhammad (s). | About the merits of [[recitation]] of this sura, it is narrated from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites this sura, [[God]] will [[reward]] him as many as ten rewards for each word He revealed to [[Abraham (a)]], [[Moses (a)]], and Muhammad (s). | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
*'''Naming''' | |||
This sura is named "al-A'la" because it began with a glorification of God, the Exalted.<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1263.</ref> "A'la" means "most exalted and superior than anything." | This sura is named "al-A'la" because it began with a glorification of God, the Exalted.<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1263.</ref> "A'la" means "most exalted and superior than anything." | ||
*'''Place and Order of Revelation''' | |||
Sura al-A'la is a [[Makki sura]], it is | |||
Sura al-A'la is a [[Makki sura]], it is eightieth sura of the Qur'an revealed to the [[Prophet (s)]]. In the current order of compilation, this is eighty seventh sura of the Qur'an,<ref>Maʿrifat, ''Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 166.</ref> located in [[juz']] thirty. | |||
*'''Number of Verses and other Features''' | |||
Sura al-A'la has nineteen verses, seventy two words and 296 letters. It is among [[mufassalat]] suras (having several short verses). It is the seventh and the last sura of [[musabbihat]] (beginning with glorification of God).<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1263.</ref> | |||
Sura al-A'la has | |||
== Content == | == Content == | ||
Sura al-A'la has two parts: | Sura al-A'la has two parts: | ||
*The first part of the sura addresses the Prophet (s) and gives him orders about glorification of God and performing his mission. Also, seven attributes of God are mentioned in this part. | |||
*The second part speaks about humble [[believer]]s and wretched [[disbeliever]]s and mentions the causes of happiness and wretchedness of the two groups.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 26, p. 380.</ref> | |||
{{Content of Sura al-A'la}} | {{Content of Sura al-A'la}} | ||
==The Prophet (s) and Not Forgetting the Qur'an== | |||
==Exegesis== | |||
====The Prophet (s) and Not Forgetting the Qur'an==== | |||
{{pull quote | {{pull quote | ||
|" We shall have you recite [the Qur'an], then you will not forget [any of it]" | |" We shall have you recite [the Qur'an], then you will not forget [any of it]" | ||
| Line 38: | Line 46: | ||
In this verse, God ensures the Prophet (s) not to worry about forgetting the verses, for the One who has sent them, will guard them.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 26, p. 393.</ref> In ''[[Tafsir al-mizan]]'', [['Allama Tabataba'i]] wrote, "Iqra'" means "receiving recitation of the reciter in order to correct his recitation"; however, this is literal meaning of the word and in this verse, it means that God gave the Prophet (s) such a power to recite the Qur'an correctly and well, exactly the way it was revealed and without any alteration.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 266.</ref> | In this verse, God ensures the Prophet (s) not to worry about forgetting the verses, for the One who has sent them, will guard them.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 26, p. 393.</ref> In ''[[Tafsir al-mizan]]'', [['Allama Tabataba'i]] wrote, "Iqra'" means "receiving recitation of the reciter in order to correct his recitation"; however, this is literal meaning of the word and in this verse, it means that God gave the Prophet (s) such a power to recite the Qur'an correctly and well, exactly the way it was revealed and without any alteration.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 266.</ref> | ||
[[File:آیه قد افلح من تزکی-اعلی ۱۴.jpg|thumbnail| | [[File:آیه قد افلح من تزکی-اعلی ۱۴.jpg|thumbnail|220px|Qur'an 87:14 by Muhammad Uzjai, "Felicitous is he who purifies himself"]] | ||
====Eid al-Fitr Prayer and Zakat al-Fitra==== | |||
In ''[[Majma' al-bayan]]'', it is mentioned that some have said that "tazkiya" and "salat" in verses fourteen and fifteen refer to paying [[Zakat al-Fitra]] and [[Eid prayer|Eid al-Fitr prayer]]. This question might be raised that this sura is Makki and that time, there was no [[zakat]] or Eid prayer. It has been answered that the first verses of this sura might be revealed in [[Mecca]] and its final verses including verses fourteen and fifteen might be revealed in [[Medina]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 722.</ref> | |||
In ''[[Tafsir al-burhan]]'', under the verse fourteen, [[al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani]] wrote that it has been narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that [[fasting]] becomes complete with paying zakat al-fitra, the same way the [[prayer]] becomes complete with [[salawat|sending blessings upon the Prophet (a)]]. So, anyone who fasts and does not give zakat al-fitra intentionally, his fasting is not accepted and anyone who performs prayer and does not send blessings upon the Prophet (a) and abandons it intentionally, his prayer is not accepted. God, the Almighty has prioritized zakat al-fitra over prayer and said, "Felicitous is he who purifies himself, (14) celebrates the Name of his Lord, and prays." (Qur'an 87: 14–15)<ref>Baḥrānī, ''al-Burhān'', vol. 5, p. 637.</ref> | |||
====Number of Prophets (a) and Divine Books==== | |||
The last verse of the Sura al-A'la suggests that Prophets [[Abraham (a)]] and [[Moses (a)]] had divine books too. In a hadith, [[Abu Dhar]] narrated, "I asked the Prophet (s), 'how many prophets (a) were there?' He (s) answered, '124 thousand.' Then, he (a) said, 'O, Abu Dhar! Four of the Prophets (a) were Arab: [[Hud (a)]], [[Salih (a)]], [[Shu'ayb (a)]] and your prophet.' I asked, 'O, messenger of God, how many books God have sent?' He (s) said, '104 books; ten books upon [[Adam (a)]], fifty books upon [[Seth (a)]], 30 books upon Enoch who was [[Idris (a)]]; and he (a) was the first person who wrote by pen, and 10 books upon Abraham (a), [[Torah]] upon Moses (a), the [[Gospel]] upon [[Jesus (a)]], [[Psalms]] upon [[David (a)]] and revealed [[al-Furqan]] (means Qur'an) upon the [[Prophet of Islam (s)]]."<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 26, p. 405.</ref> | |||
The last verse of the Sura al-A'la suggests that Prophets [[Abraham (a)]] and [[Moses (a)]] had divine books too. In a hadith, [[Abu Dhar]] narrated, "I asked the Prophet ( | |||
==God's Knowledge | ==Famous Verses== | ||
{{pull quote|" Indeed, He knows the open and what is hidden." | '''God's Knowledge''' | ||
|source= | |||
{{pull quote | |||
|"'''Indeed, He knows the open and what is hidden.'''" | |||
|source=Qur'an 87:7}} | |||
It is mentioned in the interpretation of verse | It is mentioned in the interpretation of verse seven that the visible and the hidden are equal to God; because whatever visible and hidden are in His creation.<ref>Faḍl Allāh, ''Min waḥy al-Qurʾān'', vol. 24, p. 209.</ref> [[Mulla Sadra]] wrote that this verse proves the knowledge for God and negates any ignorance or defect about God.<ref>Mullā Ṣadrā, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 7, p. 376.</ref> | ||
== Merits of Recitation == | == Merits of Recitation == | ||
In ''Majma' al-bayan'', it is narrated from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites this sura, God will reward him as many as ten rewards for each words He revealed to Abraham (a) Moses (a) and Muhammad (s). Also, it is narrated from [[Imam Ali (a)]] that the Prophet (s) loved this sura.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 717.</ref> It is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that whoever recites Sura al-A'la in his [[obligatory prayers]] or his [[Daily Nawafil]], on the Judgment | In ''Majma' al-bayan'', it is narrated from the Prophet (s) that whoever recites this sura, God will reward him as many as ten rewards for each words He revealed to Abraham (a) Moses (a) and Muhammad (s). Also, it is narrated from [[Imam Ali (a)]] that the Prophet (s) loved this sura.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 717.</ref> It is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that whoever recites Sura al-A'la in his [[prayer|obligatory prayers]] or his [[Daily Nawafil]], on the Day of Judgment, he will be told that he can enter the [[Paradise]] from any of its doors if God wills.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Barguzīda-yi tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 5, p. 475.</ref>{{fulltext}} | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Hāshim Rasūlī & Yazdī Ṭabāṭabāyī. Third edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusru, 1372 Sh. | *Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Hāshim Rasūlī & Yazdī Ṭabāṭabāyī. Third edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusru, 1372 Sh. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{suras of Qur'an}} | |||
{{The Qur'an}} | {{The Qur'an}} | ||
[[fa:سوره اعلی]] | [[fa:سوره اعلی]] | ||