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'''Rīyāʾ''' (Arabic: {{ia|الرياء}}) means showing off and pretending to do good actions, without having the real intention for doing it. It is mentioned five times in [[Qur'an]]. Riya' in [[worship]] means that one worships not for [[God]], but intends to show off. | '''Rīyāʾ''' (Arabic: {{ia|الرياء}}) means showing off and pretending to do good actions, without having the real intention for doing it. It is mentioned five times in the [[Qur'an]]. Riya' in [[worship]] means that one worships not for [[God]], but intends to show off. | ||
According to [[verse]]s of the Qur'an, riya' in [[prayer]] is among the characteristics of hypocrites and a sign of [[hypocrisy]]. Riya' is haram and invalidates the action. | According to [[verse]]s of the Qur'an, riya' in [[prayer]] is among the characteristics of hypocrites and a sign of [[hypocrisy]]. Riya' is haram and invalidates the action. | ||
== Terminology == | == Terminology == | ||
Riya' is derived from the root "R-'A-Y" (Arabic: {{ia|ر-أ-ي}}) meaning that a person | Riya' is derived from the root "R-'A-Y" (Arabic: {{ia|ر-أ-ي}}) meaning that a person performs an action to attract people's attention. It is also used meaning "to pretend and show off to others". The meaning of riya' in religious context is that a person does a good action to pretend and show off to people, not for the sake of God. Riya' may happen both in worship such as in prayer and also in actions not considered as worship such as in [[infaq]] ["spending without asking for any favor or hoping for a return"]. | ||
== In the Qur'an == | == In the Qur'an == | ||
The word riya' is mentioned five times in the Qur'an: three times as infinitive and twice as verb and in all the five times, it has been used in | The word riya' is mentioned five times in the Qur'an: three times as infinitive and twice as verb and in all the five times, it has been used in its technical sense. | ||
* Riya' in infaq: "O you who have faith! Do not render your charities void by reproaches and affronts, like those who spend their wealth to be seen by people and have no faith in [[Allah]] and the [[Last Day]]." ([[Qur'an 2]]:264) | * Riya' in infaq: "O you who have faith! Do not render your charities void by reproaches and affronts, like those who spend their wealth to be seen by people and have no faith in [[Allah]] and the [[Last Day]]." ([[Qur'an 2]]:264) | ||
* Riya' in fighting with the enemy: "Do not be like those who left their homes vainly and to show off to the people, and to bar [other people] from the way of Allah" ([[Qur'an 8]]:47) In this verse, God considered pride and riya' among the drawbacks of power in battlefields. | * Riya' in fighting with the enemy: "Do not be like those who left their homes vainly and to show off to the people, and to bar [other people] from the way of Allah" ([[Qur'an 8]]:47) In this verse, God considered pride and riya' among the drawbacks of power in battlefields. | ||
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== Who are they? == | == Who are they? == | ||
The Qur'an has mentioned examples | The Qur'an has mentioned examples of those who show off: | ||
* Those who have no [[faith]] in Allah and the Last Day. With regards to the interpretations made for this verse, God | * Those who have no [[faith]] in Allah and the Last Day. With regards to the interpretations made for this verse, God Almighty likens those who do [[charity]] followed by make reproaches and affronts, to faithless pretentious people who invalidate their charities; meaning that a hypocrite's action is invalid from the beginning, because such a person basically has no faith in God and the [[Day of Judgment]] whose actions will not be accepted. | ||
* [[Hypocrites]]: according to the Qur'an, pretending in prayer is among characteristics of hypocrites and | * [[Hypocrites]]: according to the Qur'an, pretending in prayer is among characteristics of hypocrites and a sign of hypocrisy. | ||
* Deniers of the Day of Judgment | * Deniers of the Day of Judgment | ||
* Associates of [[Satan]] | * Associates of [[Satan]] | ||
== Ruling of Riya' == | == Ruling of Riya' == | ||
[[Ikhlas]] (sincerity) is the | [[Ikhlas]] (sincerity) is a condition for the validity of worship whereas riya' is forbidden in it and invalidates it. | ||
== Different Types of Riya' in Worship == | == Different Types of Riya' in Worship == | ||
==== In a Part of Worship ==== | ==== In a Part of Worship ==== | ||
Riya' invalidates the worship and it | Riya' invalidates the worship and it is not important whether it happens in all parts of an act of worship or only in a single part of it. Also, it does not make any difference between [[obligatory]] and [[recommended]] parts; however, some [[faqihs]] maintain that riya' in recommended parts of worship such as [[qunut]] does not invalidate the action. | ||
==== In Requirements of Worship ==== | ==== In Requirements of Worship ==== | ||
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==== In the Manner of Performing the Action ==== | ==== In the Manner of Performing the Action ==== | ||
If someone | If someone is sincere in his act of worship, but some of the characteristics of his action are to show off, some believe that his worship is invalid while some others have rejected it; such as a person who performs his prayer in congregation or on time for riya'. | ||
== Subjects of Riya' == | == Subjects of Riya' == | ||
Riya' has different types: | Riya' has different types: | ||
* In the faith itself: meaning that the person says [[shahadatayn]] (testimonies of faith) in appearance, but in his heart, he denies them. This riya' is [[disbelief]] and hypocrisy. | * '''In the faith itself''': meaning that the person says [[shahadatayn]] (testimonies of faith) in appearance, but in his heart, he denies them. This riya' is [[disbelief]] and hypocrisy. | ||
* In acts of worship, while accepting the religion | * '''In acts of worship, while accepting the religion''': the person who accepts the religion itself and performs acts of worship in front of people, but abandons obligations when alone. | ||
* Riya' in Recommended Actions. | * '''Riya' in Recommended Actions'''. | ||
* In the manner of performing obligatory or recommended acts of worship: such as attending | * '''In the manner of performing obligatory or recommended acts of worship''': such as attending [[congregational prayers]] before others in order to find place and stand in the first row or as such. | ||
== Effects and Consequences== | == Effects and Consequences== | ||
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* Deprivation from the Love of God | * Deprivation from the Love of God | ||
* Association with Satan | * Association with Satan | ||
* Relation with Polytheism: it is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that, "any riya' is [[polytheism]], for anyone who acts for the sake of people, his reward is upon them and anyone who acts for the sake of [[God]], his reward is upon Him." | * Relation with Polytheism: it is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that, "any kind of riya' is [[polytheism]], for anyone who acts for the sake of people, his reward is upon them and anyone who acts for the sake of [[God]], his reward is upon Him." | ||
== | == Treatment == | ||
Some | Some treatments have been suggested for riya' including: | ||
* Reflecting upon the wrath of God toward riya' | * Reflecting upon the wrath of God toward riya' | ||
* Thinking about worthlessness of people's rewards and praises in comparison with the reward of God | * Thinking about worthlessness of people's rewards and praises in comparison with the reward of God Almighty. | ||
* Considering the fact that riya' spoils rewards of one's actions in the hereafter. | * Considering the fact that riya' spoils rewards of one's actions in the hereafter. | ||
* Habituating oneself to do good actions secretly. | * Habituating oneself to do good actions secretly. | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{references}} | |||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/ریا {{ia|ریا}}] in Farsi Wikishia. | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/ریا {{ia|ریا}}] in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
{{end}} | |||
[[fa:ریا]] | [[fa:ریا]] | ||