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Abu l-Aswad al-Du'ali: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox companion of Imam (a) | |||
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| Full name = Zalim b. 'Amr b. Sufyan b. Jandal al-Du'ali | |||
| Companion of = Imam 'Ali (a) | |||
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| Birth = Unkown | |||
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| Place of Residence = [[Basra]] | |||
| Death/martyrdom = [[69]]/688 | |||
| Cause of Death/martyrdom = Plague | |||
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| Activities = Said to be the founder of Arabic syntax | |||
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'''Abū l-Aswad al-Duʾalī''' (Arabic: {{ia|أبوالأسْوَد الدُؤَلی}}) was a well-known poet and [[Tabi'un|Tabi'i]] who is mostly known as a companion of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and the founder of [[nahw]] (Arabic grammar). Very little is known about his life, which is mixed with historical contradictions. After the beginning of the [[Battle of Jamal]] when [['A'isha]] was headed towards [[Basra]], Abu l-Aswad and another person were sent by [['Uthman b. Hunayf]] to make negotiations with 'A'isha. | '''Abū l-Aswad al-Duʾalī''' (Arabic: {{ia|أبوالأسْوَد الدُؤَلی}}) was a well-known poet and [[Tabi'un|Tabi'i]] who is mostly known as a companion of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and the founder of [[nahw]] (Arabic grammar). Very little is known about his life, which is mixed with historical contradictions. After the beginning of the [[Battle of Jamal]] when [['A'isha]] was headed towards [[Basra]], Abu l-Aswad and another person were sent by [['Uthman b. Hunayf]] to make negotiations with 'A'isha. | ||
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==The Period of Imam 'Ali's (a) Caliphate== | ==The Period of Imam 'Ali's (a) Caliphate== | ||
===Participation in the Battles=== | ===Participation in the Battles=== | ||
Abu l-Aswad accompanied [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] in the [[Battle of Jamal]]. When [['A'isha]] headed towards [[Basra]], Abu l-Aswad and someone else were commissioned by [['Uthman b. | Abu l-Aswad accompanied [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] in the [[Battle of Jamal]]. When [['A'isha]] headed towards [[Basra]], Abu l-Aswad and someone else were commissioned by [['Uthman b. Hunayf]] to negotiate with her. In these negotiations, Abu l-Aswad was a little tough on 'A'isha. | ||
===Governmental Positions=== | ===Governmental Positions=== | ||
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==Scholarly and Cultural Significance== | ==Scholarly and Cultural Significance== | ||
===Significance in Hadiths=== | ===Significance in Hadiths=== | ||
Abu l-Aswad transmitted [[hadiths]] from [['Umar b. Khattab]], [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], and [[Abu Dhar al-Ghifari]]. His hadiths were mostly transmitted by his son, Abu Harb, as well as Yayha b. Ya'mur, from the clan of Banu Kinana Mudar, and 'Abd Allah b. Burayda. His reliability in the transmission of hadiths has been confirmed by all sources, in particular the sources of [[rijal]]. | Abu l-Aswad transmitted [[hadiths]] from [['Umar b. al-Khattab]], [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], and [[Abu Dhar al-Ghifari]]. His hadiths were mostly transmitted by his son, Abu Harb, as well as Yayha b. Ya'mur, from the clan of Banu Kinana Mudar, and 'Abd Allah b. Burayda. His reliability in the transmission of hadiths has been confirmed by all sources, in particular the sources of [[rijal]]. | ||
===Significance in Kalam=== | ===Significance in Kalam=== | ||
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There are some accounts of his knowledge of Arabic poems. [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]], himself one of the most knowledgeable people about Arabic poems, asked Abu l-Aswad to introduce the best poem to him. In another case, he commented on the best Arabic poem in the presence of [[Amir al-Mu'minin (a)]]. Al-Yaghmuri quoted Ibn al-A'rabi as saying that Abu l-Aswad was one of the four most eloquent Arabs. | There are some accounts of his knowledge of Arabic poems. [['Abd Allah b. 'Abbas]], himself one of the most knowledgeable people about Arabic poems, asked Abu l-Aswad to introduce the best poem to him. In another case, he commented on the best Arabic poem in the presence of [[Amir al-Mu'minin (a)]]. Al-Yaghmuri quoted Ibn al-A'rabi as saying that Abu l-Aswad was one of the four most eloquent Arabs. | ||
What adds to his credibility is the great number of his poems cited in the most reliable literary works: | What adds to his credibility is the great number of his poems cited in the most reliable literary works: three times in Sibawayh, two times in Ibn Durayd, Jahiz, Ibn Qutayba, Mubarrad, Bahtari, and all later sources have appealed to his poems and aphorisms. One of his verses has become a well-known Arabic proverb. | ||
He composed poems in the praise or the elegy of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] which led to the widely held belief that he was a passionate supporter of Imam 'Ali (a). According to some accounts, his support of Imam 'Ali (a) was a reason why he was overlooked. | He composed poems in the praise or the elegy of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] which led to the widely held belief that he was a passionate supporter of Imam 'Ali (a). According to some accounts, his support of Imam 'Ali (a) was a reason why he was overlooked. | ||
==References== | |||
{{references}} | |||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/view/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84%DB%8C ابوالاسود دوئلی] in Farsi WikiShia. | |||
{{end}} | |||
{{Companions of Imam 'Ali (a)}} | |||
[[fa:ابوالاسود دوئلی]] | [[fa:ابوالاسود دوئلی]] | ||
[[ar:أبو الأسود الدؤلي]] | [[ar:أبو الأسود الدؤلي]] | ||
[[id:Abu al-Aswad al-Duali]] | [[id:Abu al-Aswad al-Duali]] | ||
[[Category:Companions of Imam Ali (a)]] | |||
[[Category:Tabiun]] | |||
[[Category:Hadith transmitters from Imam Ali (a)]] | |||