Anonymous user
Sarah: Difference between revisions
wikicheck
imported>M.r.seifi (→References: ,) |
imported>Nazarzadeh (wikicheck) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = <!--default is the page name--> | | name = <!--default is the page name--> | ||
| known for = Wife of prophet [[Ibrahim (a)]] | | known for = Wife of prophet [[Ibrahim (a)]] | ||
| image = | | image = Grave of Sarah.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| caption = | | caption = Her grave in al-Masjid al-Ibrahimi (Cave of Patriarch) | ||
| Full Name = | | Full Name = | ||
| Kunya = | | Kunya = | ||
| Line 27: | Line 14: | ||
| Birth = | | Birth = | ||
| Place of Birth = | | Place of Birth = | ||
| Places | | Places of Residence = [[Syria]], [[Palestine]], [[Egypt]] | ||
| Place of Residence = | |||
| Death/Martyrdom = | | Death/Martyrdom = | ||
| Cause of Death/Martyrdom = | | Cause of Death/Martyrdom = | ||
| Burial Place = Hebron | | Burial Place = Al-Masjid al-Ibrahimi (Cave of Patriarch), Hebron | ||
| Era = | | Era = | ||
| Known for = | | Known for = | ||
| Line 40: | Line 27: | ||
| Activities = | | Activities = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Sārah''' was the first wife of prophet [[Ibrahim (a)]] (Abraham) and the mother of prophet [[Ishaq (a)]] (Isaac). Her name is mentioned in two [[sura]]s of the [[Qur'an]]. She is one of Muhaddatha women. She was barren and did not bear a child after her marriage with prophet Ibrahim (a), but in her old ages, angels gave them good news of having children and she bore Ishaq (a). | '''Sārah''' was the first wife of prophet [[Ibrahim (a)]] (Abraham) and the mother of prophet [[Ishaq (a)]] (Isaac). Her name is mentioned in two [[sura]]s of the [[Qur'an]]. She is one of [[Muhaddatha]] women (to whom the angels spoke). She was barren and did not bear a child after her marriage with prophet Ibrahim (a), but in her old ages, angels gave them good news of having children and she bore Ishaq (a). | ||
In historical sources, Sarah is described as a beautiful woman. During the immigration of prophet Ibrahim (a) and Sarah to [[Egypt]], the king of Egypt gifted to prophet Ibrahim (a) and Sarah one of his beautiful bondwomen to recompense for his ill treatments of prophet Ibrahim (a) and Sarah. After several immigrations Sarah had with prophet Ibrahim (a) to Assyria (present [[Syria]]) and Egypt, she stayed in [[Palestine]] and passed away long afterwards at the age of 127 in Hebron (al-Khalil). | In historical sources, Sarah is described as a beautiful woman. During the immigration of prophet Ibrahim (a) and Sarah to [[Egypt]], the king of Egypt gifted to prophet Ibrahim (a) and Sarah one of his beautiful bondwomen to recompense for his ill treatments of prophet Ibrahim (a) and Sarah. After several immigrations Sarah had with prophet Ibrahim (a) to Assyria (present [[Syria]]) and Egypt, she stayed in [[Palestine]] and passed away long afterwards at the age of 127 in Hebron (al-Khalil). | ||
According to some sources, educating [[Shi'a]] children in the | According to some sources, educating dead [[Shi'a]] children in the [[Barzakh]] is upon prophet Ibrahim (a) and Sarah. The personality and events related to the life of Sarah are also mentioned in the Torah. | ||
== Lineage and Family == | == Lineage and Family == | ||
According to Islamic traditions, Sarah was a cousin of Ibrahim (a).<ref>Ḥasanī al-ʿĀmilī, ''al-Anbīyā'', p. 115.</ref> Sarah's mother and Ibrahim's (a) mother were daughters of prophet Lahij (a); one of whom married Tarukh (Terah), Ibrahim's (a) father and the other married Batuael.<ref>Ḥasanī al-ʿĀmilī, ''al-Anbīyā'', p. 115.</ref>Sarah was a stepsister of prophet [[Lut (a)]] (Lot).<ref>Ḥasanī al-ʿĀmilī, ''al-Anbīyā'', p. 115.</ref> Kutha region in Babylonia mountains (Iraq) is mentioned as her birthplace.<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Rayāḥīn al-sharīʿa'', vol. 5, p. 116, 117.</ref> | According to Islamic traditions, Sarah was a cousin of Ibrahim (a).<ref>Ḥasanī al-ʿĀmilī, ''al-Anbīyā'', p. 115.</ref> Sarah's mother and Ibrahim's (a) mother were daughters of prophet Lahij (a) (Arabic: {{ia|لاحج}}); one of whom married [[Tarukh]] (Terah), Ibrahim's (a) father and the other married Batuael.<ref>Ḥasanī al-ʿĀmilī, ''al-Anbīyā'', p. 115.</ref>Sarah was a stepsister of prophet [[Lut (a)]] (Lot).<ref>Ḥasanī al-ʿĀmilī, ''al-Anbīyā'', p. 115.</ref> Kutha region in Babylonia mountains (Iraq) is mentioned as her birthplace.<ref>Maḥallātī, ''Rayāḥīn al-sharīʿa'', vol. 5, p. 116, 117.</ref> | ||
Sarah and her stepbrother Lot (a) believed in Ibrahim (a) after his invitation to monotheism.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 182, 183.</ref> | Sarah and her stepbrother Lot (a) believed in Ibrahim (a) after his invitation to monotheism.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 182, 183.</ref> | ||
| Line 54: | Line 41: | ||
Sarah married her cousin, Ibrahim (a) when he was 37 years old.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 182.</ref> In some sources, Sarah is mentioned among the most beautiful women of her time.<ref>Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 101.</ref> She had many farms and cattle, which she gave to prophet Ibrahim (a).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 370.</ref> | Sarah married her cousin, Ibrahim (a) when he was 37 years old.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 182.</ref> In some sources, Sarah is mentioned among the most beautiful women of her time.<ref>Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 101.</ref> She had many farms and cattle, which she gave to prophet Ibrahim (a).<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-Kāfī'', vol. 8, p. 370.</ref> | ||
== Immigration to Assyria, Egypt and Palestine == | == Immigration to Assyria, Egypt, and Palestine == | ||
After the invitation of prophet Ibrahim (a) to monotheism in Babylonia, few people accepted his invitation; so, Ibrahim (a) immigrated to Assyria and stayed in Haran (present Harran in Turkey). After famine stroke and illnesses spread there, Sarah and her husband, Ibrahim (a) went to Egypt.<ref>Daqas, ''Nisāʾ fī l-Qurʾān al-karīm'', p. 110, 111.</ref> Ibrahim (a) put Sarah in a box to hide her beauty from strangers. When they wanted to enter Egypt, border guards asked him to open the box, and Ibrahim (a) did not accept first, but they insisted and so, he opened the box. When they saw Sarah's beauty, they reported it to the king of Egypt.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 150.</ref> | After the invitation of prophet Ibrahim (a) to monotheism in Babylonia, few people accepted his invitation; so, Ibrahim (a) immigrated to Assyria and stayed in Haran (present Harran in Turkey). After famine stroke and illnesses spread there, Sarah and her husband, Ibrahim (a) went to Egypt.<ref>Daqas, ''Nisāʾ fī l-Qurʾān al-karīm'', p. 110, 111.</ref> Ibrahim (a) put Sarah in a box to hide her beauty from strangers. When they wanted to enter Egypt, border guards asked him to open the box, and Ibrahim (a) did not accept first, but they insisted and so, he opened the box. When they saw Sarah's beauty, they reported it to the king of Egypt.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 150.</ref> | ||
=== | === King's Treatment === | ||
After the king received the report about Sarah's beauty, Ibrahim (a) was asked about Sarah's relation with him. He (a) knew that if he (a) told the king that she was his wife, the king would kill him and take Sarah, so he (a) said that she was his sister, but he meant his sister in faith. So, the king ordered to make her up and send to him. It is mentioned in historical reports that Ibrahim (a) began praying and asked God for help after he (a) sent Sarah to the king. When the king of Egypt wanted to approach Sarah, his hand became numb and told Sarah to ask God to heal his hand and promised not to harm her. So, Sarah prayed and the king's hand was healed; but, he broke his promise and approached her and again his hand became numb and once then promised not to touch her if he was healed. The same happened three times.<ref>Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 22, 23.</ref> The king learned that Sarah was not a normal woman and that he could not take pleasure from her; thus, he gave a bondwoman to Sarah called [[Hajar]] (Hagar) in addition to some other gifts.<ref>Maqdisī, ''al-Badʾ wa l-tārikh'', vol. 1, p. 441.</ref> | After the king received the report about Sarah's beauty, Ibrahim (a) was asked about Sarah's relation with him. He (a) knew that if he (a) told the king that she was his wife, the king would kill him and take Sarah, so he (a) said that she was his sister, but he meant his sister in faith. So, the king ordered to make her up and send to him. It is mentioned in historical reports that Ibrahim (a) began praying and asked God for help after he (a) sent Sarah to the king. When the king of Egypt wanted to approach Sarah, his hand became numb and told Sarah to ask God to heal his hand and promised not to harm her. So, Sarah prayed and the king's hand was healed; but, he broke his promise and approached her and again his hand became numb and once then promised not to touch her if he was healed. The same happened three times.<ref>Ibn al-Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 22, 23.</ref> The king learned that Sarah was not a normal woman and that he could not take pleasure from her; thus, he gave a bondwoman to Sarah called [[Hajar]] (Hagar) in addition to some other gifts.<ref>Maqdisī, ''al-Badʾ wa l-tārikh'', vol. 1, p. 441.</ref> | ||
== Gifting Hajar to Ibrahim (a) == | === Gifting Hajar to Ibrahim (a) === | ||
Since Sarah was barren and did not want Ibrahim (a) to remain without children and progeny, gifted Hajar to his husband, so that he (a) could have children from her. Later, Hajar bore a son they named it [[Isma'il (a)]]. According to historical reports, Sarah became sad because she could not bear any children for Ibrahim (a).<ref>Maqdisī, ''al-Badʾ wa l-tārikh'', vol. 1, p. 441, 442.</ref> | Since Sarah was barren and did not want Ibrahim (a) to remain without children and progeny, gifted Hajar to his husband, so that he (a) could have children from her. Later, Hajar bore a son they named it [[Isma'il (a)]]. According to historical reports, Sarah became sad because she could not bear any children for Ibrahim (a).<ref>Maqdisī, ''al-Badʾ wa l-tārikh'', vol. 1, p. 441, 442.</ref> | ||
=== | ===Good News of Angels === | ||
Some years after the birth of Isma'il (a), angels brought Sarah, who was 90 years old, the good news of bearing a child called [[Ishaq (a)]]. Sarah laughed upon hearing that news and said, "how would it be possible that an old, barren woman becomes pregnant?"<ref>Daqas, ''Nisāʾ fī l-Qurʾān al-karīm'', p. 116-119.</ref> After a while, Sarah became pregnant and delivered a child they named it Isaac (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 187.</ref> | Some years after the birth of Isma'il (a), angels brought Sarah, who was 90 years old, the good news of bearing a child called [[Ishaq (a)]]. Sarah laughed upon hearing that news and said, "how would it be possible that an old, barren woman becomes pregnant?"<ref>Daqas, ''Nisāʾ fī l-Qurʾān al-karīm'', p. 116-119.</ref> After a while, Sarah became pregnant and delivered a child they named it Isaac (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 187.</ref> | ||
== | == In Qur'an == | ||
The name of Sarah is mentioned in two places in the [[Qur'an]]. In the [[Sura Hud]], the presence of angels in the house of Ibrahim (a) and bringing the good news of having children and the reaction of Sarah are mentioned.<ref>Qurʾān, 11: | The name of Sarah is mentioned in two places in the [[Qur'an]]. In the [[Sura Hud]], the presence of angels in the house of Ibrahim (a) and bringing the good news of having children and the reaction of Sarah are mentioned.<ref>Qurʾān, 11:72-73.</ref>{{enote|His wife, standing by, laughed as We gave her the good news of [the birth of] Isaac, and of Jacob, after Isaac. (72) She said, 'Oh, my! Shall I, an old woman, bear [children], and [while] this husband of mine is an old man?! That is indeed an odd thing!' (Qur'an 11:72-73)}} Also in [[Sura al-Dhariyat]], the conversation of angels with Sarah and her surprise for the good news of having Ishaq (a) is mentioned.<ref>Qurʾān, 51:28-30.</ref>{{enote|Then he felt a fear of them. They said, 'Do not be afraid!' and they gave him the good news of a wise son. (28) Then his wife came forward crying [with joy]. She beat her face, and said, 'A barren old woman!' (29) They said, 'So has your Lord said. Indeed He is the All-wise, the All-knowing.' (Qur'an 28-30)}} | ||
== | == In Hadiths == | ||
Among [[hadith]]s which have mentioned Sarah, some of them have reported a negative face for her. These reports have described Sarah as an envious and bad-tempered woman who will be punished in the hereafter.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', p. 307; Ṣadūq, ''Maʿānī l-akhbār'', p. 128; Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 60.</ref> In these hadiths, her barrenness and her reaction to Hajar's childbearing and her son, Isma'il (a) is mentioned as the cause of her envy and bad-temperedness. Some researchers have considered the chains of transmission of these hadiths weak and unreliable. | Among [[hadith]]s which have mentioned Sarah, some of them have reported a negative face for her. These reports have described Sarah as an envious and bad-tempered woman who will be punished in the hereafter.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''al-Khiṣāl'', p. 307; Ṣadūq, ''Maʿānī l-akhbār'', p. 128; Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 60.</ref> In these hadiths, her barrenness and her reaction to Hajar's childbearing and her son, Isma'il (a) is mentioned as the cause of her envy and bad-temperedness. Some researchers have considered the chains of transmission of these hadiths weak and unreliable. | ||
== Being Muhaddatha == | == Being Muhaddatha == | ||
According to the verses of the Qur'an and historical and traditional reports, | According to the verses of the Qur'an and historical and traditional reports, angels spoke to her; thus, she is called muhaddatha. Being muhaddath is a merit specific to prophets (a), [[Infallible Imams (a)]], [[Lady Fatima (a)]], [[Lady Maryam (a)]] (Mary), Jochebed (prophet [[Musa]]' (a) mother) and Sarah. | ||
== Educating Children of Shi'a == | == Educating Dead Children of Shi'a == | ||
In some hadiths, guardianship and education of the children of Shi'a and believers in the | In some hadiths, guardianship and education of the children of Shi'a and believers in the [[Barzakh]] is mentioned to be upon Sarah and [[Ibrahim (a)]]; so, they raise them and give them to their parents.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 3, p. 490.</ref> | ||
== | == In the Torah == | ||
In the [[Bible]], Sarah is called a stepsister of Ibrahim (a) who later married him.<ref>Book of Genesis, 11:26-31.</ref> Since Sarah was barren, gave her bondwoman, Hajar to Ibrahim (a) so that he (a) could have children from her. According to the Bible, Hajar became boastful when she became pregnant, and belittled her lady Sarah because of being barren; thus, Sarah began treating her badly and made Hagar leave the house.<ref>Book of Genesis, 16:1-6.</ref> Another time, Sarah asked Ibrahim (a) to send Hajar and Isma'il (a) out of the house and Ibrahim (a) became upset of Sarah; but, God soothed Ibrahim (a) and asked him to do so.<ref>Book of Genesis, 21:9-15.</ref> God's promise to Sarah about giving her a child, expansion of family and existence of kings in her progeny are among God's promises to her in the Bible.<ref>Book of Genesis, 17:15-16.</ref> | In the [[Bible]], Sarah is called a stepsister of Ibrahim (a) who later married him.<ref>Book of Genesis, 11:26-31.</ref> Since Sarah was barren, gave her bondwoman, Hajar to Ibrahim (a) so that he (a) could have children from her. According to the Bible, Hajar became boastful when she became pregnant, and belittled her lady Sarah because of being barren; thus, Sarah began treating her badly and made Hagar leave the house.<ref>Book of Genesis, 16:1-6.</ref> Another time, Sarah asked Ibrahim (a) to send Hajar and Isma'il (a) out of the house and Ibrahim (a) became upset of Sarah; but, God soothed Ibrahim (a) and asked him to do so.<ref>Book of Genesis, 21:9-15.</ref> God's promise to Sarah about giving her a child, expansion of family and existence of kings in her progeny are among God's promises to her in the Bible.<ref>Book of Genesis, 17:15-16.</ref> | ||
In some parts of the Bible, the personality of | In some parts of the Bible, the personality of Hajar is described better than Sarah's. | ||
== | == Demise and Place of Burial == | ||
Sarah passed away in Hebron at the age of 127. After Sarah passed away, Ibrahim (a) bought a place out of Hebron from its residents and buried Sarah there.<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'', vol. 1, p. 36, 37. </ref> Later, Ibrahim (a), Ishaq (a) and [[Ya'qub (a)]] (Jacob) were buried there. Today, this place is known as | Sarah passed away in Hebron at the age of 127. After Sarah passed away, Ibrahim (a) bought a place out of Hebron (al-Khalil) from its residents and buried Sarah there.<ref>Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'', vol. 1, p. 36, 37. </ref> Later, Ibrahim (a), Ishaq (a) and [[Ya'qub (a)]] (Jacob) were buried there. Today, this place is known as al-Masjid al-Ibrahimi (Cave of Patriarch). | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| Line 91: | Line 78: | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
*Daqas, Fuʾād Ḥamdū al-. ''Nisāʾ fī l-Qurʾān al-karīm''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 Sh. | *Daqas, Fuʾād Ḥamdū al-. ''Nisāʾ fī l-Qurʾān al-karīm''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 Sh. | ||
*Ḥasanī al-ʿĀmilī, ʿAbd al-Ṣāḥib al-. ''Al-Anbīyāʾ''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 2002. | *Ḥasanī al-ʿĀmilī, ʿAbd al-Ṣāḥib al-. ''Al-Anbīyāʾ''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 2002. | ||
| Line 107: | Line 92: | ||
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Translated by Abū l-Qāsim Pāyandah. Fifth edition. Tehran: Asāṭīr, 1375 Sh. | *Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Translated by Abū l-Qāsim Pāyandah. Fifth edition. Tehran: Asāṭīr, 1375 Sh. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{Women in the Qur'an}} | {{Women in the Qur'an}} | ||
[[fa:ساره]] | [[fa:ساره]] | ||
<onlyinclude>{{Editorial Box | |||
| priority =b | |||
| quality =c | |||
| links =done | |||
| photo =done | |||
| categories =done | |||
| infobox =done | |||
| navbox = done | |||
| redirects=done | |||
| references =done | |||
| good article =30 October 2017 | |||
| featured article = | |||
}}</onlyinclude> | |||
[[Category:Buried in Palestine]] | [[Category:Buried in Palestine]] | ||
[[Category:Quranic figures]] | |||
[[Category:Wives of the prophets]] | |||