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Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Mujtaba (a): Difference between revisions

Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Mujtaba (a) (view source)

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According to some Sunni sources, Imam al-Hasan (a) and Imam al-Husayn (a), participated in the Battle of Ifriqiyya in [[26 AH]] and in the Battle of [[Tabaristan]] in [[29 AH]] or [[30 AH]]. Scholars disagree as to whether these reports are reliable. Considering problems in their chains of transmitters and taking into account the opposition of the Imams (a) to the conquests, [[Sayyid Ja'far Murtada]] regards these reports as unreliable. He refers as further evidence for his view to the fact that [[Imam Ali (a)]] did not allow Imam al-Hasan (a) and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] to participate in the [[Battle of Siffin]].
According to some Sunni sources, Imam al-Hasan (a) and Imam al-Husayn (a), participated in the Battle of Ifriqiyya in [[26 AH]] and in the Battle of [[Tabaristan]] in [[29 AH]] or [[30 AH]]. Scholars disagree as to whether these reports are reliable. Considering problems in their chains of transmitters and taking into account the opposition of the Imams (a) to the conquests, [[Sayyid Ja'far Murtada]] regards these reports as unreliable. He refers as further evidence for his view to the fact that [[Imam Ali (a)]] did not allow Imam al-Hasan (a) and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] to participate in the [[Battle of Siffin]].


It is also reported that in this period, whenever people complained about [[Uthman]]’s conducts to Imam Ali (a), he would send his son al-Hasan (a) to Uthman. According to [[al-Baladhuri]], during the revolt at the end of Uthman’s caliphate, when his house was besieged, al-Hasan (a) and al-Husayn (a) and a number of other people were commanded by Imam Ali (a) to protect Uthman’s house, and, according to [[Qadi Nuʿman al-Maghribi]] (d. 363 AH) to take water for him. Some reports indicate that al-Hasan (a) was even injured in this episode. Some Shiite scholars, such as [[Allama Amini]], regard these reports as unreliable. [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada]] also questions the authenticity of these reports and states that even if they were authentic, they only indicate that Imam Ali (a) was against [[murdering Uthamn]] and depriving his family of food and water, not that he opposed overthrowing him as the caliph.
It is also reported that in this period, whenever people complained about [[Uthman]]’s conducts to Imam Ali (a), he would send his son al-Hasan (a) to Uthman. According to al-Baladhuri, during the revolt at the end of Uthman’s caliphate, when his house was besieged, al-Hasan (a) and al-Husayn (a) and a number of other people were commanded by Imam Ali (a) to protect Uthman’s house, and, according to [[Qadi Nuʿman al-Maghribi]] (d. 363 AH) to take water for him. Some reports indicate that al-Hasan (a) was even injured in this episode. Some Shiite scholars, such as [[Allama Amini]], regard these reports as unreliable. [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada]] also questions the authenticity of these reports and states that even if they were authentic, they only indicate that Imam Ali (a) was against [[murdering Uthamn]] and depriving his family of food and water, not that he opposed overthrowing him as the caliph.


===Children and Wives===
===Children and Wives===
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{{main|Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)}}
{{main|Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)}}


[[Al-Baladhuri]] wrote that, "[[Mu'awiya]] sent a blank contract with his seal at the bottom for Imam al-Hasan (a) to write anything that he wished and thus he wrote, "In this peace treaty, al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a) establishes peace with Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan and leaves the government of the Muslims to him with the following conditions:
Al-Baladhuri wrote that, "[[Mu'awiya]] sent a blank contract with his seal at the bottom for Imam al-Hasan (a) to write anything that he wished and thus he wrote, "In this peace treaty, al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a) establishes peace with Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan and leaves the government of the Muslims to him with the following conditions:


# He observes the [[Book of God]], the conduct of [[the Prophet (s)]] and the conduct of the righteous [[caliph]]s.
# He observes the [[Book of God]], the conduct of [[the Prophet (s)]] and the conduct of the righteous [[caliph]]s.
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Imam al-Hasan (a) reportedly requested from his brother to be buried beside the [[Prophet (s)]], his grandfather. According to a report, al-Hasan (a) had informed [[A'isha]] about his wish and she had agreed. However, when [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]] learned about this decision, he reported it to Mu'awiya, and the latter asked him to forcefully prevent that. According to another report, however, Imam al-Hasan (a) had requested only that his [[coffin]] be taken to the grave of the Prophet (s) before his burial beside the grave of his grandmother [[Fatima bt. al-Asad]]. According to this report, the Imam (a) had urged his brother to avoid any conflict during his burial ceremony.
Imam al-Hasan (a) reportedly requested from his brother to be buried beside the [[Prophet (s)]], his grandfather. According to a report, al-Hasan (a) had informed [[A'isha]] about his wish and she had agreed. However, when [[Marwan b. al-Hakam]] learned about this decision, he reported it to Mu'awiya, and the latter asked him to forcefully prevent that. According to another report, however, Imam al-Hasan (a) had requested only that his [[coffin]] be taken to the grave of the Prophet (s) before his burial beside the grave of his grandmother [[Fatima bt. al-Asad]]. According to this report, the Imam (a) had urged his brother to avoid any conflict during his burial ceremony.


When [[Banu Hashim]] carried the coffin of Imam al-Hasan (a) toward the grave of the Prophet (s), Marwan and a group of the Umayyads took up arms and blocked the way. [[Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani]] (d. 356) mentions that A'isha arrived there on a mule and asked the Umayyads to stop Banu Hashim. According to [[Baladhuri]]’s report, when she found out about the conflict, she claimed that the burial place of the Prophet (s) was her home and she would not allow anyone to be buried there.
When [[Banu Hashim]] carried the coffin of Imam al-Hasan (a) toward the grave of the Prophet (s), Marwan and a group of the Umayyads took up arms and blocked the way. [[Abu l-Faraj al-Isfahani]] (d. 356) mentions that A'isha arrived there on a mule and asked the Umayyads to stop Banu Hashim. According to al-Baladhuri's report, when she found out about the conflict, she claimed that the burial place of the Prophet (s) was her home and she would not allow anyone to be buried there.
It is reported that Marwan said, “While Uthman is buried on the outskirts of the city, we won’t tolerate that you bury al-Hasan next to the Prophet.” A conflict was about to break out between Banu Hashim and the Umayyads, but [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], because of his brother’s prior request, did not allow that to happen. Thus, the body of Imam al-Hasan (a) was taken to al-Baqiʿ cemetery and buried beside the grave of his grandmother Fatima bt. al-Asad.
It is reported that Marwan said, “While Uthman is buried on the outskirts of the city, we won’t tolerate that you bury al-Hasan next to the Prophet.” A conflict was about to break out between Banu Hashim and the Umayyads, but [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], because of his brother’s prior request, did not allow that to happen. Thus, the body of Imam al-Hasan (a) was taken to al-Baqiʿ cemetery and buried beside the grave of his grandmother Fatima bt. al-Asad.


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