Anonymous user
Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Mujtaba (a): Difference between revisions
→His Early Life
imported>Kadeh (References Completing....) |
imported>Kadeh |
||
| Line 47: | Line 47: | ||
==His Early Life== | ==His Early Life== | ||
===Name=== | ===Name=== | ||
The Word “al-Hasan” in Arabic means good or beautiful. This name was chosen for Imam al-Hasan (a) by the [[Prophet (s)]]. According to a hadith, this name was chosen by God's command, and did not have a precedent in pre-Islamic history. | The Word “al-Hasan” in Arabic means good or beautiful. This name was chosen for Imam al-Hasan (a) by the [[Prophet (s)]].<ref>1. Ibn Ḥabal, al-Musnad, vol. 1, p. 98, 118; Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 6, p. 33-34.</ref> According to a hadith, this name was chosen by God's command,<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, al-Manāqib, vol. 4, p. 397; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 10, p. 244.</ref> and did not have a precedent in pre-Islamic history.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 6, p. 657; Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 2, p. 10.</ref> | ||
His [[teknonym]] was Abu Muhammad or Abu l-Qasim, and epithets such as al-Mujtaba (the Chosen One), al-Sayyid (Master), and al-Zaki (the Pure One) have been used for him. There are a number of epithets that have been commonly used for him and for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], such as Sayyid Shabab Ahl al-Janna (the Master of the Youths of Paradise), Rayhanat Nabi Allah (The Flower of the Prophet of God), and al-Sibt (the Grandson). According to a prophetic hadith, “Al-Hasan is a Sibt from the Asbat “pl. of sibt]”. The word “sibt” in some [[Quranic verses]] and hadiths is regarded as meaning an Imam chosen by [[God]] from the descendants of prophets. | According to some [[Sunni]] sources, before the Prophet (s) chose the name al-Hasan for his grandson, [[Imam Ali (a)]] had the names Hamza<ref>Ibn ʿAsākir, Tārīkh madīnat Dimashq, vol. 13, p. 170.</ref> or Harb<ref>Ḥākim al-Nayshābūrī, al-Mustadrak ʿala l-ṣaḥīḥayn, vol. 3, p. 165.</ref> in mind, but he told the Prophet (s) that he would choose the name that the Prophet (s) would choose for his son.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 6, p. 239-244; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 39, p. 63.</ref> Some Shiite scholars have rejected these reports for a number of reasons.<ref>Al-Qarashī, Ḥayāt al-Imām al-Ḥasan, vol. 1, p.52-53.</ref> | ||
His [[teknonym]] was Abu Muhammad or Abu l-Qasim,<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, al-Manāqib, vol. 4, p. 29; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 44, p. 35.</ref> and epithets such as al-Mujtaba (the Chosen One), al-Sayyid (Master), and al-Zaki (the Pure One) have been used for him.<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, al-Manāqib, vol. 4, p. 29.</ref> There are a number of epithets that have been commonly used for him and for [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], such as Sayyid Shabab Ahl al-Janna (the Master of the Youths of Paradise), Rayhanat Nabi Allah (The Flower of the Prophet of God),<ref>Ibn Ṣabbāgh Mālikī, al-Fuṣūl al-muhimma, vol. 2, p. 759.</ref> and al-Sibt (the Grandson).<ref>Qundūzī, Yanābīʿ al-mawadda, vol. 3, p. 128.</ref> According to a prophetic hadith, “Al-Hasan is a Sibt from the Asbat “pl. of sibt]”.<ref>Ibn al-Athīr, Usd al-ghāba, vol. 1, p. 490.</ref> The word “sibt” in some [[Quranic verses]] and hadiths is regarded as meaning an Imam chosen by [[God]] from the descendants of prophets.<ref>Rayshahrī, Dānishnāma-yi Imām Ḥusayn, vol. 1, p. 474-477.</ref> | |||
===Childhood=== | ===Childhood=== | ||
It is reported that Imam al-Hasan (a) used to attend the sessions of the Prophet (s) and would retell to his mother what was revealed in those sessions unto the Prophet (s). | It is reported that Imam al-Hasan (a) used to attend the sessions of the Prophet (s) and would retell to his mother what was revealed in those sessions unto the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Shahrāshūb, al-Manāqib, vol. 4, p. 7.</ref> | ||
[[Sulaym b. Qays]] is reported to have said that after the [[demise of the Prophet (s)]], when [[Abu Bakr]] was chosen as the caliph, al-Hasan (a) would go together with his brother and his parents to the houses of the [[Helpers]] and call them to support Imam Ali (a). It is also reported that he would object to Abu Bakr’s sitting on the [[minbar]] of the Prophet (s). | [[Sulaym b. Qays]] is reported to have said that after the [[demise of the Prophet (s)]], when [[Abu Bakr]] was chosen as the caliph, al-Hasan (a) would go together with his brother and his parents to the houses of the [[Helpers]] and call them to support Imam Ali (a).<ref>Sulaym b. Qays, Kitāb sulaym b. qays al-hilāli, p. 665 and 918.</ref> It is also reported that he would object to Abu Bakr’s sitting on the [[minbar]] of the Prophet (s).<ref>Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 3, p. 26-27; Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 10, p. 300.</ref> | ||
===Youth=== | ===Youth=== | ||
According to some Sunni sources, Imam al-Hasan (a) and Imam al-Husayn (a), participated in the Battle of Ifriqiyya in [[26 AH]]/646 and in the Battle of [[Tabaristan]] in [[29 AH]]/649 or [[30 AH]]/650. Scholars disagree as to whether these reports are reliable. Considering problems in their chains of transmitters and taking into account the opposition of the Imams (a) to the conquests, [[Sayyid Ja'far Murtada]] regards these reports as unreliable. He refers as further evidence for his view to the fact that [[Imam Ali (a)]] did not allow Imam al-Hasan (a) and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] to participate in the [[Battle of Siffin]]. | There are few reports about Imam al-Hasan's youth. It is reported, for instance, that Umar appointed him as a witness in the [[six-member council]] that was to appoint the next caliph.<ref>Ibn Qutayba, al-Imāma wa l-sīyāsa, vol. 1, p. 42.</ref> | ||
According to some Sunni sources, Imam al-Hasan (a) and Imam al-Husayn (a), participated in the Battle of Ifriqiyya in [[26 AH]]/646 <ref>Ibn Khaldūn, al-ʿIbar, vol. 2, p. 573-574.</ref> and in the Battle of [[Tabaristan]] in [[29 AH]]/649 or [[30 AH]]/650.<ref>Ṭabarī, Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 4, p. 269.</ref> Scholars disagree as to whether these reports are reliable. Considering problems in their chains of transmitters and taking into account the opposition of the Imams (a) to the conquests, [[Sayyid Ja'far Murtada]] regards these reports as unreliable. He refers as further evidence for his view to the fact that [[Imam Ali (a)]] did not allow Imam al-Hasan (a) and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] to participate in the [[Battle of Siffin]].<ref>Jaʿfar al-Murtaḍā, al-Ḥayāt al-sīyāsīyya li-l-Imām al-Ḥasan, p. 158.</ref> | |||
It is also reported that in this period, whenever people complained about [[Uthman]] | It is also reported that in this period, whenever people complained about [[Uthman]]'s conducts to Imam Ali (a), he would send his son al-Hasan (a) to Uthman.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd Rabbih, al-ʿAqd al-farīd, vol. 5, p. 58-59.</ref> According to al-Baladhuri, during the revolt at the end of Uthman's caliphate, when his house was besieged, al-Hasan (a) and al-Husayn (a) and a number of other people were commanded by Imam Ali (a) to protect Uthman’s house,<ref>Balādhurī, Ansāb al-ashrāf, vol. 5, p. 558-559.</ref> and, according to [[Qadi Nuʿman al-Maghribi]] (d. 363/973) to take water for him.<ref>Qāḍī Nuʿmān, al-Manāqib wa al-mathālib, p. 251; Ṭabarī, Dalāʾil al-imāma, p. 168.</ref> Some reports indicate that al-Hasan (a) was even injured in this episode.<ref>Dīyārbakrī, Tārīkh al-khamīs, vol. 2, p. 262.</ref> Some Shiite scholars, such as [[Allama Amini]], regard these reports as unreliable.<ref>Amīnī, al-Ghadīr, vol. 9, p. 262.</ref> [[Al-Sharif al-Murtada]] also questions the authenticity of these reports and states that even if they were authentic, they only indicate that Imam Ali (a) was against [[murdering Uthamn]] and depriving his family of food and water, not that he opposed overthrowing him as the caliph.<ref>Sayyid Murtaḍā, Shāfī fī al-imāma, vol. 4, p. 242.</ref> | ||
===Children and Wives=== | ===Children and Wives=== | ||