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Imam al-Hasan b. Ali al-Mujtaba (a): Difference between revisions
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{{main|Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)}} | {{main|Peace Treaty of Imam al-Hasan (a)}} | ||
Al-Baladhuri wrote that, "[[Mu'awiya]] sent a blank contract with his seal at the bottom for Imam al-Hasan (a) to write anything that he wished and thus he wrote, "In this peace treaty, al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a) establishes peace with Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan and leaves the government of the Muslims to him with the following conditions: | Al-Baladhuri wrote that, "[[Mu'awiya]] sent a blank contract with his seal at the bottom for Imam al-Hasan (a) to write anything that he wished<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 41.</ref> and thus he wrote, "In this peace treaty, al-Hasan b. 'Ali (a) establishes peace with Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan and leaves the government of the Muslims to him with the following conditions: | ||
# He observes the [[Book of God]], the conduct of [[the Prophet (s)]] and the conduct of the righteous [[caliph]]s. | # He observes the [[Book of God]], the conduct of [[the Prophet (s)]] and the conduct of the righteous [[caliph]]s. | ||
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# Lives, property and children of people should be safe everywhere. | # Lives, property and children of people should be safe everywhere. | ||
# Mu'awiya should not implicitly or explicitly plot against al-Hasan b. 'Ali or threaten any of his companions. | # Mu'awiya should not implicitly or explicitly plot against al-Hasan b. 'Ali or threaten any of his companions. | ||
'Abd Allah b. Harith and 'Amr b. Salama bear witness upon this peace treaty."<ref> | 'Abd Allah b. Harith and 'Amr b. Salama bear witness upon this peace treaty."<ref>Balādhurī, ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', vol. 3, p. 41-42; Shahīdī, ''Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām'', p. 162</ref> | ||
With the conditions made by Imam al-Hasan (a), the peace treaty was signed in 41/661.<ref> | With the conditions made by Imam al-Hasan (a), the peace treaty was signed in 41/661.<ref>Khalīfa b. Khayyāt. ''Tārīkh'', p. 203.</ref> However, even though Mu'awiya signed off on them, he denied all of the conditions in his first sermon in [[Kufa]], where the two armies were supposed to meet. He claimed that Imam al-Hasan (a) was asking for peace and insulted [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] wanted to respond to his insults, but Imam al-Hasan (a) prohibited him from doing so. Then, Imam al-Hasan (a) delivered a sermon and explained everything with regards to the peace treaty and how Mu'awiya had asked for peace. He responded to the insults to his father in a very eloquent way and noted the honour and legacy that his family held as opposed to Mu'awiya's.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-rusul wa al-mulūk'', p. 124-129; Ḥarrānī, ''Tuḥaf al-'uqūl'', p. 232; ''Dāʾirat al-maʿārif buzurg Islāmi'', vol. 20, p. 538</ref>This made Mu'awiya very angry.<ref>''Dāʾirat al-maʿārif buzurg Islāmi'', vol. 20, p. 538</ref> | ||
In different sources, different dates have been mentioned for the peace treaty, including [[Rabi' I]] of 41/July 661 and [[Jumada II]]/October of the same year. In ''al-Tanbih wa al-ishraf'', al-Mas'udi considered Rabi' I correct and more famous. | In different sources, different dates have been mentioned for the peace treaty, including [[Rabi' I]] of 41/July 661<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 426.</ref> and [[Jumada II]]/October of the same year.<ref>Dhahabī, ''Tārīkh al-islām'', vol. 4, p. 5.</ref> In ''al-Tanbih wa al-ishraf'', al-Mas'udi considered Rabi' I correct and more famous. | ||
==== After the Peace Treaty ==== | ==== After the Peace Treaty ==== | ||
After the peace treaty, Imam al-Hasan (a) went to [[Medina]] and became the scientific, religious, social and political leader there. He took positions against Mu'awiya and his companions in Medina and [[Damascus]] and had debates with them. These have been mentioned and discussed in [[al-Tabrisi]]'s ''[[al-Ihtijaj]]''.<ref> | After the peace treaty, Imam al-Hasan (a) went to [[Medina]] and became the scientific, religious, social and political leader there. He took positions against Mu'awiya and his companions in Medina and [[Damascus]] and had debates with them. These have been mentioned and discussed in [[al-Tabrisi]]'s ''[[al-Ihtijaj]]''.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''al-Iḥtijāj'', vol. 2, p. 45-65.</ref> | ||
After Imam al-Hasan (a) signed the treaty with Mu'awiya to protect the lives of Muslims and avoid any harms to their religion, the most difficult part of his life started. Criticism of people, observing political relations, and losing many of old companions and their martyrdom were among the hardships of this period for Imam (a). | After Imam al-Hasan (a) signed the treaty with Mu'awiya to protect the lives of Muslims and avoid any harms to their religion, the most difficult part of his life started. Criticism of people, observing political relations, and losing many of old companions and their martyrdom were among the hardships of this period for Imam (a). | ||