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Al-Masjid al-Nabawi: Difference between revisions
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[[File:گنبد سبز پیامبر اکرم.jpg|thumbnail|Masjid al-Nabi in Medina, the holiest mosque in the world of Islam which was built by Prophet Muhammad (s)]] | [[File:گنبد سبز پیامبر اکرم.jpg|thumbnail|Masjid al-Nabi in Medina, the holiest mosque in the world of Islam which was built by Prophet Muhammad (s)]] | ||
{{Islam-vertical}} | {{Islam-vertical}} | ||
'''Al-al-Masjid al-Nabawi''' (Arabic: {{ia|المسجد النبوي}}) is a mosque in [[Medina]], Saudi Arabia where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] is buried. Second to [[Masjid al-Haram]], al-Masjid al-Nabawi is the holiest mosque in the world of Islam which was built by Prophet Muhammad (s) in the first century after [[Hijrat]]; it was later expanded in different eras. The houses of Prophet Muhammad (s) and [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and [[Lady Fatima (s)]] were built next to this mosque, which were later added to the mosque. Al-Masjid al-Nabawi is among the most important shrines for Muslims, which is highly revered by [[Shiites]]. | '''Al-al-Masjid al-Nabawi''' (Arabic: {{ia|المسجد النبوي}}) is a mosque in [[Medina]], Saudi Arabia where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] is buried. Second to [[al-Masjid al-Haram]], al-Masjid al-Nabawi is the holiest mosque in the world of Islam which was built by Prophet Muhammad (s) in the first century after [[Hijrat]]; it was later expanded in different eras. The houses of Prophet Muhammad (s) and [['Ali b. Abi Talib (a)]] and [[Lady Fatima (s)]] were built next to this mosque, which were later added to the mosque. Al-Masjid al-Nabawi is among the most important shrines for Muslims, which is highly revered by [[Shiites]]. | ||
==Names of the Mosque== | ==Names of the Mosque== | ||
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===In Abbasid Era=== | ===In Abbasid Era=== | ||
[[Mahdi | [[Al-Mahdi al-'Abbasi]], the [[Abbasid caliph]] expanded al-Masjid al-Nabawi 2450 square meters in 161/777-8 or 162/778-9. He also ordered to increase the number of the columns and gates of the mosque. In that time al-Masjid al-Nabawi had twenty gates, four in northern side, eight in western side and eight in eastern side. Meanwhile most of the houses around al-Masjid al-Nabawi which were occupied by famous [[companions]] of Prophet Muhammad (s) were destroyed and were added to the mosque, including the houses of [['Abd Allah b. Mas'ud]], [[Shurahbil b. Hasana]] and Miswar b. Makhrama.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī Mecca wa Medina'', p. 209.</ref> | ||
Three years before the fall of Abbasid dynasty, in 654/1256 al-Masjid al-Nabawi was on fire and it was massively destroyed. Then Egyptian Mamluks sent architectures to repair the mosque. Later, Nasir al-Din Muhammad b. Qalawun a Mamluk Sultan of [[Egypt]] ordered to build the roofs in the western and eastern sides of the mosque. In 705/1305-06 and 706/1306-7 new courtyards were built for the mosque as well.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī Mecca wa Medina'', p. 210.</ref> | Three years before the fall of Abbasid dynasty, in 654/1256 al-Masjid al-Nabawi was on fire and it was massively destroyed. Then Egyptian Mamluks sent architectures to repair the mosque. Later, Nasir al-Din Muhammad b. Qalawun a Mamluk Sultan of [[Egypt]] ordered to build the roofs in the western and eastern sides of the mosque. In 705/1305-06 and 706/1306-7 new courtyards were built for the mosque as well.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī Mecca wa Medina'', p. 210.</ref> | ||
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# The door on its southern side was closed when [[Qibla]] was changed to [[Ka'ba]], instead another door was opened in its northern side.<ref>Ḥāfiẓ, ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Medina'', p. 65-66.</ref> | # The door on its southern side was closed when [[Qibla]] was changed to [[Ka'ba]], instead another door was opened in its northern side.<ref>Ḥāfiẓ, ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Medina'', p. 65-66.</ref> | ||
# The door in the western side called "Bab 'Atika" which is now known as "Bab al-Rahma".<ref>Ḥāfiẓ, ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Medina'', p. 66.</ref> It was called 'Atika as it was opened to the house of 'Atika the daughter of | # The door in the western side called "Bab 'Atika" which is now known as "Bab al-Rahma".<ref>Ḥāfiẓ, ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Medina'', p. 66.</ref> It was called 'Atika as it was opened to the house of 'Atika the daughter of 'Abd Allah b. Yazid b. Mu'awiya.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghinā, ''Tārīkh al-masjid al-nabawī'', p. 141.</ref> Later it was called Rahma, based on a narration from [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] that one day a person came from this door to Prophet (s) and he asked him to pray to God to rain and it happened, then after seven days rain stopped because that man had asked for it.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī Mecca wa Medina'', p. 236.</ref> | ||
# The door on the eastern side known as "Bab 'Uthman", "Bab al-Nabi" and "Bab al-Jabra'il"<ref>Ḥāfiẓ, ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Medina'', p. 66.</ref> because this door was opened to the house of [['Uthman b. 'Affan]], also Prophet Muhammad (s) used to enter the mosque from this door and [[Gabriel]] (Jabra'il) came to Prophet Muhammad (s) from this door in the time of the [[battle of Banu Qurayza]].<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghinā, ''Tārīkh al-masjid al-nabawī'', p. 138-141.</ref> | # The door on the eastern side known as "Bab 'Uthman", "Bab al-Nabi" and "Bab al-Jabra'il"<ref>Ḥāfiẓ, ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Medina'', p. 66.</ref> because this door was opened to the house of [['Uthman b. 'Affan]], also Prophet Muhammad (s) used to enter the mosque from this door and [[Gabriel]] (Jabra'il) came to Prophet Muhammad (s) from this door in the time of the [[battle of Banu Qurayza]].<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghinā, ''Tārīkh al-masjid al-nabawī'', p. 138-141.</ref> | ||