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Essentials of Prayer: Difference between revisions
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'''Essentials of prayer''' or '''arkān al-ṣalāt''' (Arabic: {{ia|أرْکان الصَلاة}}) refers to a number of obligatory constituents of the [[prayer]] the intentional or unintentional skipping or overdoing of which invalidates the prayer. The majority of [[Shiite]] [[jurists]] consider the essentials or "arkan" of the prayer to consist in [[intention]], [[takbirat al-ihram]], [[Qiyam|standing]] (while reciting the [[takbir]] and standing before ruku'), [[ruku']], and the two [[sajda]]s. | '''Essentials of prayer''' or '''arkān al-ṣalāt''' (Arabic: {{ia|أرْکان الصَلاة}}) refers to a number of obligatory constituents of the [[prayer]] the intentional or unintentional skipping or overdoing of which invalidates the prayer. The majority of [[Shiite]] [[jurists]] consider the essentials or "arkan" of the prayer to consist in [[intention]], [[takbirat al-ihram]], [[Qiyam|standing]] (while reciting the [[takbir]] and standing before ruku'), [[ruku']], and the two [[sajda]]s. | ||
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"Rukn" (plural: "arkān") literally means the essence of something. In worships, a rukn is a part thereof the intentional or unintentional skipping or overdoing of which invalidates the worship. Some parts of prayer, [[hajj]] and [['umra]] are essential to them. | "Rukn" (plural: "arkān") literally means the essence of something. In worships, a rukn is a part thereof the intentional or unintentional skipping or overdoing of which invalidates the worship. Some parts of prayer, [[hajj]] and [['umra]] are essential to them. | ||
== | ==Instances== | ||
According to the majority of scholars, essentials of prayer consist in: [[Niyya|intention]], takbirat al-ihram (saying " | According to the majority of scholars, essentials of prayer consist in: [[Niyya|intention]], [[takbirat al-ihram]] (saying "Allah akbar" in the beginning of the prayer), standing (while sayin takbirat al-ihram and before ruku'), [[ruku']], and the two [[Sujud|sajdas]].<ref>Ḥillī, ''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa'', vol. 2, p. 139-140.</ref> | ||
The standing (qiyam) in the prayer is of | The standing (qiyam) in the prayer is of four types, two of which are essentials, while the other two are non-essential obligations. Standing while reciting takbirat al-ihram and the one before ruku' are essential to the prayer.<ref>Yazdī, ''al-ʿUrwa al-wuthqā'', vol. 2, p. 473.</ref> | ||
Some scholars believe that it is essential to be directed to the [[qibla]],<ref>Ibn Ḥamza al-Ṭūsī, ''al-Wasīla'', p. 93.</ref> and some early jurists believed that [[qira'a]] (recitation) is also essential.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Mabsūṭ'', vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> | Some scholars believe that it is essential to be directed to the [[qibla]],<ref>Ibn Ḥamza al-Ṭūsī, ''al-Wasīla'', p. 93.</ref> and some early jurists believed that [[qira'a]] (recitation) is also essential.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Mabsūṭ'', vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> | ||
==Rulings== | ==Rulings== | ||
{{rulings section}} | |||
The majority of [[jurists]] believe that intentional or unintentional skipping or overdoing of the essentials invalidate the prayer,<ref>Shahīd al-Thānī, ''al-Rawḍa al-bahīyya'', vol, 1. p. 644.</ref> but others believe that unintentional overdoing of the essentials does not invalidate it.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 9, p. 239-241.</ref> | The majority of [[jurists]] believe that intentional or unintentional skipping or overdoing of the essentials invalidate the prayer,<ref>Shahīd al-Thānī, ''al-Rawḍa al-bahīyya'', vol, 1. p. 644.</ref> but others believe that unintentional overdoing of the essentials does not invalidate it.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 9, p. 239-241.</ref> | ||
If the person unintentionally skips an essential, he or she should do it before going to another essential. Otherwise, the prayer will be invalidated.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 12, p. 238-239.</ref> | If the person unintentionally skips an essential, he or she should do it before going to another essential. Otherwise, the prayer will be invalidated.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 12, p. 238-239.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
*Ḥillī, Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa fī aḥkām al-sharīʿa''. Edited by Markaz al-Abḥāth wa l-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyya. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1412 AH. | *Ḥillī, Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa fī aḥkām al-sharīʿa''. Edited by Markaz al-Abḥāth wa l-Dirāsāt al-Islāmīyya. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1412 AH. | ||
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{{prayer}} | {{prayer}} | ||
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[[fa:ارکان نماز]] | [[fa:ارکان نماز]] | ||