Qiyas: Difference between revisions

* Qiyas mansus al-'illa (qiyas with explicitly mentioned cause): it refers to a qiyas where the ruling of the analogatum involves reference to its cause as well. For example, if there is a [[hadith]] that forbids drinking the grape [[wine]] because it is intoxicating, it will turn out that the cause or the ground of its prohibition is its intoxication. This will imply that everything that intoxicates is [[Haram|forbidden]]. Such a qiyas is also known as "jali" (obvious) or "musarrah al-'illa" (with explicitly mentioned cause).

* Qiyas mustanbat al-'illa (qiyas with inferred cause): in this type of qiyas, the cause or ground of the ruling of the analogatum is not explicitly mentioned, but the [[faqih|jurist]] makes guesses about its cause. This is also known as "khafi" (hidden).

* Qiyas al-awlawiyya (a fortiori qiyas): in this type of qiyas, the cause or ground of the ruling of the analogatum much more strongly holds in the analogans, thus if the ruling in the analogatum is prohibition, then the analogans will a fortiori be prohibited, and if the ruling of the analogatum is an [[wajib|obligation]], then the analogans will a fortiori be obligatory. For example, there is a verse in the [[Qur'an]] according to which one should not say "uff" ("Fie", an expression of frustration) to one's parents. Thus, a fortiori it will be forbidden to hit one's parents, because hitting them is worse than saying a word of contempt.

* Tanqih al-manat (isolation of the criterion): this is a type of qiyas in which the criterion of the ruling is uncovered by examining the features of its subject-matter and identifying the relevant features. Then, the ruling is generalized to any subject-matter that has the same relevant features. According to some people, the isolation of the criterion is not a type of qiyas.