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Bishr al-Hafi: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = Bishr Hafi | | name = Bishr al-Hafi | ||
| known for = | | known for = | ||
| image =[[File:مقبره منسوب به بشر حافی در بغداد.png|thumbnail|right|The alleged tomb of Bishr Hafi in Baghdad]] | | image =[[File:مقبره منسوب به بشر حافی در بغداد.png|thumbnail|right|The alleged tomb of Bishr Hafi in Baghdad]] | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| Full Name = Bishr (Bushr) b. Harith | | Full Name = Bishr (Bushr) b. al-Harith al-Marwzi | ||
| Kunya = Abu Nasr | | Kunya = Abu Nasr | ||
| Epithet = Hafi | | Epithet = al-Hafi | ||
| Well Known As = Bishr Hafi | | Well Known As = Bishr al-Hafi | ||
| Religious Affiliation = [[Sufism|Sufi]] | | Religious Affiliation = [[Sufism|Sufi]] | ||
| Lineage = | | Lineage = | ||
| Wellknown Relatives = Ali b. Khushram (uncle or cousin of Bishr) | | Wellknown Relatives = Ali b. Khushram (uncle or cousin of Bishr) | ||
| Birth = [[150 | | Birth = [[150]]/767-8 | ||
| Place of Birth = [[Baghdad]] | | Place of Birth = [[Merv]] or [[Baghdad]] | ||
| Places of Residence = <!--if there is more than one place of residence--> | | Places of Residence = <!--if there is more than one place of residence--> | ||
| Place of Residence = Baghdad | | Place of Residence = Baghdad | ||
| Death/Martyrdom = 227 | | Death/Martyrdom = [[227]]/841-2 | ||
| Cause of Death/Martyrdom = | | Cause of Death/Martyrdom = | ||
| Burial Place = Bab al-Harb of Baghdad | | Burial Place = Bab al-Harb of Baghdad | ||
| Era = | | Era = [[Abbasid]] | ||
| Known for = [[Ascesis]] | | Known for = [[Ascesis]] | ||
| Professors = [[Fudayl b. 'Ayad]] , Ali b. Khushram | | Professors = [[Al-Fudayl b. 'Ayad]] , Ali b. Khushram | ||
| Students = | | Students = | ||
| Notable roles = | | Notable roles = | ||
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| Activities = | | Activities = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Bishr (Bushr) b. Ḥārith | '''Bishr (Bushr) b. al-Ḥārith al-Marwzī''' (Arabic:{{ia|بشر بن الحارث الحافي}}) known as '''Bishr al-Hāfī''' ({{ia|بشر الحافي}}) (b.[[150]]/767-8 – d.[[227]]/841-2) was among [[ascetic]]s and leaders of [[Sufism|Sufis]] in [[3rd]]/8th-9th century. Bishr lived in [[Baghdad]] and according to some sources, [[repentance|repented]] under influence of the speeches of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]. Since Bishr did not wear shoes, he was called "al-hafi" (bare-footed). | ||
== Life == | == Life == | ||
Bishr was son of Harith b. 'Abd al-Rahman | Bishr was son of al-Harith b. 'Abd al-Rahman Marwzi who was one of government officials of [[Merv]]. According to [[Ibn Khalkan]], he was among descendants of Ba'bur ('Abd Allah) who became [[Muslim]] by the guidance of [[Imam Ali (a)]]. In 150/767-8, Bishr was born in a village near Merv but lived in Baghdad. [[Ibn Kathir]] mentioned Baghdad as his birthplace. | ||
== Title and Kunya == | == Title and Kunya == | ||
Kunya of Bishr was Abu Nasr and was called "hafi" (bare-footed) because he did not wear shoes. It is said that when he was asked, "why do not you wear shoes?" He answered, "The day I reconciled with [[God]], I was bare-footed and now I feel shy to wear shoes." He also said, "the earth is estate of the [[Truth]] and it is not right to walk on His estate wearing shoes." | [[Kunya]] of Bishr was Abu Nasr and was called "al-hafi" (bare-footed) because he did not wear shoes. It is said that when he was asked, "why do not you wear shoes?" He answered, "The day I reconciled with [[God]], I was bare-footed and now I feel shy to wear shoes." He also said, "the earth is estate of the [[Truth]] and it is not right to walk on His estate wearing shoes." | ||
Some said that he asked a shoe maker to repair his shoes, but the shoe-maker responded to him with reluctance. Bishr threw away his shoes and [[swear|swore]] that he would never wear shoes again. | Some said that he asked a shoe maker to repair his shoes, but the shoe-maker responded to him with reluctance. Bishr threw away his shoes and [[swear|swore]] that he would never wear shoes again. | ||
== Transmitting Hadiths == | == Transmitting Hadiths == | ||
To learn [[hadiths]], Bishr travelled to [[Kufa]], [[Basra]] and [[Mecca]]. He learned hadiths from individuals such as Hamad b. Zayd, 'Abd Allah b. Mubarak, [[Malik b. Anas]] and [[Abu Bakr 'Ayyash]]. He also learned from Ibrahim b. Sa'd | To learn [[hadiths]], Bishr travelled to [[Kufa]], [[Basra]] and [[Mecca]]. He learned hadiths from individuals such as Hamad b. Zayd, 'Abd Allah b. Mubarak, [[Malik b. Anas]] and [[Abu Bakr al-'Ayyash]]. He also learned from Ibrahim b. Sa'd al-Zuhri, Sharik b. 'Abd Allah, [[al-Fudayl b. 'Ayad]] and Ali b. Khushram (uncle or cousin of Bishr). People including Abu Khuthayma, Zuhayr b. Harb, Sirri al-Saqati, 'Abbas b. 'Abd al-'Azim and Muhammad b. Hatam transmitted hadiths from him. | ||
They said that Bishr was a follower of [[Sufyan | They said that Bishr was a follower of [[Sufyan al-Thawri]] in [[fiqh]]. He had collected Sufyan's hadiths in a Musnad collection. | ||
== Repentance == | == Repentance == | ||
According to some sources, Bishr Hafi [[repentance|repented]] under influence of the speeches of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]. For a while, he lived an extravagant life in Baghdad. When Imam al-Kazim (a) was passing by his house, the sound of music was loud and heard outside his house. Imam al-Kazim (a) asked a bondwoman who came out of the house, "Is the owner of this house, a free man or a slave?" She answered, "It is a free man." Imam (a) said, "you are right! If he was a slave, he would fear his master." When she went back in, told Bishr about Imam's (a) treatment (without knowing that it was Imam (a)). Bishr ran out of the house bare-footed and followed Imam al-Kazim (a) and after a conversation he had with Imam (a), he repented. Some books of [[Sufism|Sufis]] have mentioned this story without mentioning the name of Imam al-Kazim (a). | According to some sources, Bishr al-Hafi [[repentance|repented]] under influence of the speeches of [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]]. For a while, he lived an extravagant life in Baghdad. When Imam al-Kazim (a) was passing by his house, the sound of music was loud and heard outside his house. Imam al-Kazim (a) asked a bondwoman who came out of the house, "Is the owner of this house, a free man or a slave?" She answered, "It is a free man." Imam (a) said, "you are right! If he was a slave, he would fear his master." When she went back in, told Bishr about Imam's (a) treatment (without knowing that it was Imam (a)). Bishr ran out of the house bare-footed and followed Imam al-Kazim (a) and after a conversation he had with Imam (a), he repented. Some books of [[Sufism|Sufis]] have mentioned this story without mentioning the name of Imam al-Kazim (a). | ||
Some historians have mentioned other reasons for his [[repentance]] including that: Bishr picked up a piece of paper on which the [[name of God]] was written from a path, applied perfume on it and put it in a crack of a wall. At night, he was told in a dream that, "since you picked the name of God from the ground and applied perfume on it, God will make your name good in this world and in the hereafter" and this dream made him repent. | Some historians have mentioned other reasons for his [[repentance]] including that: Bishr picked up a piece of paper on which the [[name of God]] was written from a path, applied perfume on it and put it in a crack of a wall. At night, he was told in a dream that, "since you picked the name of God from the ground and applied perfume on it, God will make your name good in this world and in the hereafter" and this dream made him repent. | ||
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Historical sources have praised Bishr's [[ascesis]] and said that after he repented, he secluded himself from people and occupied himself with [[worshipping]]. He also refrained from transmitting hadiths and toward the end of his life, buried the hadiths he had collected in the ground. Bishr was famous because of his ascesis. However, he said that the [[Prophet (s)]] mentioned his fame, a result of his adherence to the tradition, respecting the good, loving the companions and the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. It is said that Bishr always repeated this supplication, "O God! If you have made me famous in this world to make me humiliated in the hereafter, take that [fame] from me." | Historical sources have praised Bishr's [[ascesis]] and said that after he repented, he secluded himself from people and occupied himself with [[worshipping]]. He also refrained from transmitting hadiths and toward the end of his life, buried the hadiths he had collected in the ground. Bishr was famous because of his ascesis. However, he said that the [[Prophet (s)]] mentioned his fame, a result of his adherence to the tradition, respecting the good, loving the companions and the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. It is said that Bishr always repeated this supplication, "O God! If you have made me famous in this world to make me humiliated in the hereafter, take that [fame] from me." | ||
[[File:مقبره منسوب به بشر حافی در بشرآباد انار.jpg|thumbnail|right|The alleged tomb of Bishr Hafi in Anar,[[Iran]]]] | [[File:مقبره منسوب به بشر حافی در بشرآباد انار.jpg|thumbnail|right|The alleged tomb of Bishr Hafi in Anar,[[Iran]]]] | ||
== A Shaykh of Sufism == | == A Shaykh of Sufism == | ||
Bishr is considered among the leaders of [[Sufism]]. His biography, speeches and stories of his life are mentioned in the books of Sufis such as ''[[Tadhkirat al-awliya]]'', ''[[Hilyat al-awliya]]'' and Tabaqat al-Sufiyya. Also, according to Sufi sources, people of Baghdad considered Bishr like a prophet. | Bishr is considered among the leaders of [[Sufism]]. His biography, speeches and stories of his life are mentioned in the books of Sufis such as ''[[Tadhkirat al-awliya]]'', ''[[Hilyat al-awliya]]'' and ''Tabaqat al-Sufiyya''. Also, according to Sufi sources, people of Baghdad considered Bishr like a prophet. | ||
== Demise and Burial == | == Demise and Burial == | ||
Bishr passed away in 227 | Bishr passed away in [[227]]/841-2 in Baghdad and was buried in Bab al-Harb of Baghdad. His [[demise]] is also mentioned in 226/840-1 in [[Merv]]. Ibn Kathir considered the first report more reliable. In some of the regions of [[Iran]] such as Anar in Kerman, Bijar in Kurdestan and Gotvand in Khuzestan, there are [[tomb]]s attributed to him. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
*[[Sufism]] | *[[Sufism]] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
*The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:بشر بن حارث مروزی|بشر بن حارث مروزی]]}} in Farsi WikiShia. | *The material for this article is mainly taken from {{ia|[[:fa:بشر بن حارث مروزی|بشر بن حارث مروزی]]}} in Farsi WikiShia. | ||