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'''Daily nawāfil''' or '''al-nawāfil al-yawmīyya''' (Arabic: {{ia|النَوافِل الیَومیّة}}) are [[ | '''Daily nawāfil''' or '''al-nawāfil al-yawmīyya''' (Arabic: {{ia|النَوافِل الیَومیّة}}) are [[recommended prayer]]s that are performed on a daily basis. Daily nawafil collectively consist of 34 [[rak'a]]s, except on [[Friday]]s. | ||
==Meaning | ==Meaning== | ||
"Nawafil" is a plural form of "nāfila" ({{ia|نافِلَة}}). The word, "nafila", literally means a supererogatory, preferred action that is not obligatory for the person.<ref>Luways Maʿlūf, ''Al-Munjid'', vol. 2, p. 1986.</ref> In the jargons of [[faqihs|jurists]], the word, "nafila", is mainly used to refer to mustahab prayers.<ref>Mishkīnī, ''Muṣṭalāḥāt al-fiqh'', p. 528.</ref> | "Nawafil" is a plural form of "nāfila" ({{ia|نافِلَة}}). The word, "nafila", literally means a supererogatory, preferred action that is not obligatory for the person.<ref>Luways Maʿlūf, ''Al-Munjid'', vol. 2, p. 1986.</ref> In the jargons of [[faqihs|jurists]], the word, "nafila", is mainly used to refer to mustahab prayers.<ref>Mishkīnī, ''Muṣṭalāḥāt al-fiqh'', p. 528.</ref> | ||
==Importance and Virtues | ==Importance and Virtues== | ||
[[Islam]] has strongly recommended mustahab prayers, emphasizing its divine rewards. Of mustahab prayers, the [[Night Prayer]] is the most virtuous of all. | [[Islam]] has strongly recommended [[mustahab prayers]], emphasizing its divine rewards. Of mustahab prayers, the [[Night Prayer]] is the most virtuous of all. | ||
There are many [[hadith]]s from the [[Infallibles (a)]] about the significance of nafilas. [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] is quoted as saying, "You should avoid laziness and indolence! verily your Lord is Merciful and He appreciates little things. verily when a man performs two rak'as of a mustahab prayer to satisfy [[God]], God will take him to the [[Heaven]] just because of those two rak'as".<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 44.</ref> | There are many [[hadith]]s from the [[Infallibles (a)]] about the significance of nafilas. [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] is quoted as saying, "You should avoid laziness and indolence! verily your Lord is Merciful and He appreciates little things. verily when a man performs two rak'as of a mustahab prayer to satisfy [[God]], God will take him to the [[Heaven]] just because of those two rak'as".<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 44.</ref> | ||
[[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] said, "God, the Exalted, will compensate the imperfections of your prayers with nafila prayers". | [[Imam al-Sajjad (a)]] said, "God, the Exalted, will compensate for the imperfections of your prayers with nafila prayers". | ||
The main effect of nafila prayers is stated in a hadith known as "[[Hadith of Qurb al-Nawafil]]": the transmitter quoted Imam al-Sadiq (a) and he quoted [[the Prophet (s)]] and he in turn quoted God as saying: | The main effect of nafila prayers is stated in a hadith known as "[[Hadith of Qurb al-Nawafil]]": the transmitter quoted Imam al-Sadiq (a) and he quoted [[the Prophet (s)]] and he, in turn, quoted God as saying: | ||
: "Rightly My servant seeks proximity (to Me) with nafilas and mustahab actions until I like him, and when I like him, I will become his ears with which he hears and his eyes with which he sees and his tongue with which he speaks".<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 53.</ref> | : "Rightly My servant seeks proximity (to Me) with nafilas and mustahab actions until I like him, and when I like him, I will become his ears with which he hears and his eyes with which he sees and his tongue with which he speaks".<ref>Kulaynī, ''al-kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 53.</ref> | ||
[[Fudayl b. Yasar]] quoted [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] as saying, "[[Wajib|obligatory]] and nafila prayers are collectively 51 rak'as. The two rak'as | [[Fudayl b. Yasar]] quoted [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] as saying, "[[Wajib|obligatory]] and nafila prayers are collectively 51 rak'as. The two rak'as after the [['isha' prayer]] which are performed while sitting count as one rak'a. Obligatory prayers are 17 rak'as, and nafila prayers are 34 rak'as.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 46.</ref> | ||
==Number of Rak'as and the Times | ==Number of Rak'as and the Times== | ||
Except on Fridays, nawafil | Except on Fridays, nawafil consists of 34 rak'as: | ||
*'''The | *'''The noon nafila prayer''': it consists of 8 rak'as. Its time is the same as that of the obligatory [[noon prayer]]. It is performed before the obligatory noon prayer. | ||
*'''The | *'''The afternoon nafila prayer''': it consists of 8 rak'as. Its time is the same as that of the obligatory [[afternoon prayer]]. It is performed before the obligatory afternoon prayer. | ||
*'''The | *'''The evening nafila prayer''': it consists of 4 rak'as. Its time is the same as that of the obligatory [[evening prayer]] and it is performed after the evening prayer. | ||
*'''The | *'''The 'isha' nafila prayer''': it consists of two rak'as and since they are performed while sitting, they count as one rak'a. Its time is the same as that of the obligatory 'isha' prayer and it is performed after the 'isha' prayer. | ||
*'''The nafila prayer of night | *'''The nafila prayer of night''': it consists of 11 rak'as. 8 rak'as of it are performed as night prayers, 2 rak'as are performed as [[shaf' prayer]] and 1 rak'a of it is performed as [[watr prayer]]. The time of the nafila prayer of night is from the midnight to the [[adhan]] of the [[fajr prayer]]. | ||
*'''The | *'''The fajr nafila prayer''': it consists of two rak'as. It is performed before fajr prayer. | ||
On [[Friday]]s, 4 rak'as are added to the 16 rak'as of noon and afternoon nafila prayers. | On [[Friday]]s, 4 rak'as are added to the 16 rak'as of noon and afternoon nafila prayers. | ||
== | ==Manners== | ||
In general, [[mustahab]] or nafila prayers should be performed in two-rak'a units, with each couple of rak'as ending with one [[tashahhud]] and [[salam]], except when there is evidence to say a certain nafila in another way, such as the | In general, [[mustahab]] or nafila prayers should be performed in two-rak'a units, with each couple of rak'as ending with one [[tashahhud]] and [[salam]], except when there is evidence to say a certain nafila in another way, such as the watr prayer which is one rak'a, and a prayer that is recommended to be performed at the eve of [[Eid al-Ghadir]] which consists of continuous 12 rak'as, with each two rak'as involving a tashahhud, and salam should be said at the end of the 12th rak'a.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Iqbāl al-aʿmāl'', p. 452.</ref> | ||
Daily nafila prayers are also performed in two rak'as. For example, the noon nafila prayer consists of four two-rak'a prayers, and the night nafila prayer consists of five two-rak'a prayers and one one-rak'a prayer. | Daily nafila prayers are also performed in two rak'as. For example, the noon nafila prayer consists of four two-rak'a prayers, and the night nafila prayer consists of five two-rak'a prayers and one one-rak'a prayer. | ||
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Like other mustahab prayers, nafila prayers can be performed both while standing and while sitting. But it is recommended to count every two rak'as as one rak'a. For example, if one chooses to perform the 8 rak'as of the noon nafila prayer while sitting, he or she had better perform 16 rak'as.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 7, p. 52; Khomeini, ''Taḥrīr al-wasīla'', vol. 1, p. 137.</ref> | Like other mustahab prayers, nafila prayers can be performed both while standing and while sitting. But it is recommended to count every two rak'as as one rak'a. For example, if one chooses to perform the 8 rak'as of the noon nafila prayer while sitting, he or she had better perform 16 rak'as.<ref>Najafī, ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol. 7, p. 52; Khomeini, ''Taḥrīr al-wasīla'', vol. 1, p. 137.</ref> | ||
== | ==On Travel== | ||
Daily nawafil whose associated [[obligatory prayers]] are performed as [[ | Daily nawafil whose associated [[obligatory prayers]] are performed as [[qasr]] while on travel, such as noon and afternoon prayers, should not be performed. Thus, nawafil of noon, afternoon, and 'isha' prayers are not recommended while one is on a travel, but night, morning, and evening nafila prayers can be performed while on travel.<ref>Khomeini, ''Taḥrīr al-wasīla'', vol. 1, p. 136.</ref> | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||
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*[[Daily Prayers]] | *[[Daily Prayers]] | ||
*[[Mustahab Prayers]] | |||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
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{{prayer}} | {{prayer}} | ||
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[[fa:نافلههای روزانه]] | [[fa:نافلههای روزانه]] | ||