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Al-Mawadda Verse: Difference between revisions
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== Relatives == | == Relatives == | ||
There are different exegetical views about who or what " | There are different exegetical views about who or what "Qurbā" refers to: | ||
* Some exegetes, or allegedly most of them, hold that the verse is addressed to the [[Quraysh]]. Since the [[Prophet (s)]] fought the gods (idols) of the Quraysh, God ordered the Prophet (s) to ask them at least not to be hostile to him because they are his relatives.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān'', vol. 25, p. 15.</ref> Thus, " | * Some exegetes, or allegedly most of them, hold that the verse is addressed to the [[Quraysh]]. Since the [[Prophet (s)]] fought the gods (idols) of the Quraysh, God ordered the Prophet (s) to ask them at least not to be hostile to him because they are his relatives.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān'', vol. 25, p. 15.</ref> Thus, "qurbā" is a gerund which means being a relative, rather than relatives themselves,<ref>Zamakhsharī, ''al-Kashshāf'', vol. 4, p. 219.</ref> and the phrase, "al-mawadda fi l-qurbā", means kindness (to the Prophet) because of being relatives. | ||
* According to other exegetes, the verse is addressed to [[Ansar]]. They gave some money to the Prophet (s) as a reward, but he refused the offer. Thus, the verse tells them that the Prophet (s) did not want any money from them; his only reward being their kindness to his relatives among them (through his mother, [[Amina]]).<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 13, p. 30.</ref> | * According to other exegetes, the verse is addressed to [[Ansar]]. They gave some money to the Prophet (s) as a reward, but he refused the offer. Thus, the verse tells them that the Prophet (s) did not want any money from them; his only reward being their kindness to his relatives among them (through his mother, [[Amina]]).<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 13, p. 30.</ref> | ||
* Others maintain that the verse is addressed to the Quraysh or all people, and "relatives" in the verse refers to their own relatives. Thus, the verse means that the Prophet (s) did not want any rewards except their kindness to their own relatives ([[family ties]] or Sila al-rahim).<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 13, p. 31.</ref> | * Others maintain that the verse is addressed to the Quraysh or all people, and "relatives" in the verse refers to their own relatives. Thus, the verse means that the Prophet (s) did not want any rewards except their kindness to their own relatives ([[family ties]] or Sila al-rahim).<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 13, p. 31.</ref> | ||
* Others suggest that " | * Others suggest that "qurbā" refers to closeness to [[God]], and "al-mawadda fi l-qurbā" consists in loving God through closeness to Him (by obedience). Thus, the verse means that the Prophet (s) did not want any rewards except loving God by being close to Him.<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 13, p. 31-32.</ref> | ||
Shiite scholars have responded to, and rejected, these four suggestions. (See sources below for more details.) | Shiite scholars have responded to, and rejected, these four suggestions. (See sources below for more details.) | ||
* Others hold that "al-mawadda fi l- | * Others hold that "al-mawadda fi l-qurbā" means love of the Prophet's (s) relatives, that is, his [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. There are many [[hadiths]] in Sunni as well as Shiite sources in which the verse is interpreted in this way. Such [[mutawatir]] hadiths in both sources support this view.<ref>Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 9, p. 48.</ref> | ||
Based on several reasons, [[Shi'a]] scholars believe that the intended meaning of "relatives" in this verse is "the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]" i.e. [[Imam Ali (a)|'Ali (a)]], [[Fatima (a)]], [[al-Hasan (a)]] and [[al-Husayn (a)]] and the nine [[Imam]]s (a) of al-Husayn's (a) progeny.<ref>Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 9, p. 48.</ref> | Based on several reasons, [[Shi'a]] scholars believe that the intended meaning of "relatives" in this verse is "the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]" i.e. [[Imam Ali (a)|'Ali (a)]], [[Fatima (a)]], [[al-Hasan (a)]] and [[al-Husayn (a)]] and the nine [[Imam]]s (a) of al-Husayn's (a) progeny.<ref>Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 9, p. 48.</ref> | ||