Al-Mawadda Verse: Difference between revisions

"Mawadda" means "to love" <ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', under the word "ودد".</ref>and "Qurba" means blood relatives<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', under the word "قرب".</ref>.

All [[Shi'a]] and most of [[Sunni]] [[exegete]]s have [[narration|narrated]] from [[Ibn 'Abbas]] that after the Prophet's (s) [[migration to Medina]], [[Ansar]] (helpers) had discussions about the Islamic government. They decided to go the [[Prophet (s)]] and say, "We will submit to you all our small wealth and facilities if you have any financial needs for the progress of [[Islam]] and the management of the newly-established Islamic society. In any way you take and use it would be our honor."<ref>See: Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 13, p. 30.</ref> That was when al-Mawadda verse was [[revelation|revealed]] to the Prophet (s) to mention the love of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] as the reward for the Prophet's (s) mission, not any material or worldly [[reward]].

* According to other exegetes, the verse is addressed to [[Ansar]]. They gave some money to the Prophet (s) as a reward, but he refused the offer. Thus, the verse tells them that the Prophet (s) did not want any money from them; his only reward being their kindness to his relatives among them (through his mother, [[Amina]]).<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 13, p. 30.</ref>

* Others maintain that the verse is addressed to the Quraysh or all people, and "relatives" in the verse refers to their own relatives. Thus, the verse means that the Prophet (s) did not want any rewards except their kindness to their own relatives ([[family ties]] or Sila al-rahim).<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 13, p. 31.</ref>

* Others hold that "al-mawadda fi l-qurbā" means love of the Prophet's (s) relatives, that is, his [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]. There are many [[hadiths]] in Sunni as well as Shiite sources in which the verse is interpreted in this way. Such [[mutawatir]] hadiths in both sources support this view.<ref>Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 9, p. 48.</ref>

Based on several reasons, [[Shi'a]] scholars believe that the intended meaning of "relatives" in this verse is "the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]" i.e. [[Imam Ali (a)|'Ali (a)]], [[Fatima (a)]], [[al-Hasan (a)]] and [[al-Husayn (a)]] and the nine [[Imam]]s (a) of al-Husayn's (a) progeny.<ref>Ṭabarsī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 9, p. 48.</ref>

In his commentary on ''[[Ihqaq al-haqq (book)|Ihqaq al-haq]]'', [[Sayyid Shihab al-Din Mar'ashi Najafi]] has enumerated up to fifty great Sunni scholars who have included hadiths about al-Mawadda verse in their books through numerous [[chain of transmission|chains of transmission]].<ref>Shūshtarī, ''Iḥqāq al-ḥaq'', vol. 3, p. 2-18, footnote. 2.</ref> Also [[al-Sayyid Hashim al-Bahrani]] has mentioned 17 hadiths from Sunnis and 22 hadiths from Shiites about this verse in his book ''[[Ghayat al-maram wa hujjat al-khisam]]''.<ref>Baḥrānī, ''Ghāyat al-marām'', vol. 3, p. 230-244.</ref>

*ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''Nahj al-ḥaq wa kashf al-ṣidq''. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī, n.d.

*Ālūsī, Maḥmūd b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿAẓīm''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿAbd al-Bārī ʿAṭīyya. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, n.d.

*Baḥrānī, Hāshim b. Sulaymān al-. ''Ghāyat al-marām''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿĀshūr. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Tārīkh al-ʿArabī, n.d.

*Ḥākim al-Ḥasakānī, ʿUbayd Allāh b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Shawāhid al-tanzīl l-qawāʿid al-tafṣīl''. Edited by Muḥmmad Bāqir Maḥmaūdī. Tehran: Wizārat-i Irshād-i Islāmī, 1411 AH.

*Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad. ''Faḍāʾil Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''. Edited by Sayyid ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Ṭabāṭabāʾī. Qom: Dār al-Tafsīr, 1433 AH.

*Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukrim. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr l-l-Ṭibāʿa wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, n.d.

*Kūfī, Furāt b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Furāt al-Kūfī''. Edited by Muyammad al-Kāẓim. Tehran: Wizārat-i Irshād-i Islāmī, 1410 AH.

*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, n.d.

*Shūshtarī, Nūr Allāh b. Sharīf al-Dīn al-. ''Iḥqāq al-ḥaq wa izhāq al-bāṭil''. Edited by Shahāb al-Dīn al-Marʿashī. Qom: al-Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-Marʿashī, 1409 AH.

*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.

*Ṭabarsī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī l-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1425 AH.

*Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Muʾassisat al-Aʿlamī l-l-Maṭbūʿāt, n.d.

*Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Kashshāf''. Edited Muṣṭafā Ḥusayn Aḥmad. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, n.d.