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Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn (a): Difference between revisions
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[[File:Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn (a).jpg|thumbnail|Mourning of [[Shi'a]] Muslims in the Day of Arba'in, [[Bayn al-Haramayn]], [[Karbala]]]] | [[File:Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn (a).jpg|thumbnail|Mourning of [[Shi'a]] Muslims in the Day of Arba'in, [[Bayn al-Haramayn]], [[Karbala]]]] | ||
''' | '''Arbaʿīn of Imam al-Ḥusayn (a)''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|اربعين الحسیني}}) is [[20th day of Safar]] in the [[Hijri Lunar calendar]] and the anniversary of the 40th day after the [[Event of Karbala]] when [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his companions were [[martyr]]ed on the [[Day of Ashura]], ([[10th of Muharram]] [[61 AH]]/[[13th of October]], 680.) It is reported that the [[captives of the Event of Karbala]] came to visit Imam al-Husayn (a) in Karbala on 20th of Safar 61 AH ([[November 22]], 680) on their return from [[Syria]] to [[Medina]]. In a [[hadith]] from [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]], [[Ziyara of Arba'in]] is considered among the sings of the faithful. This day is a national holiday in [[Iran]]. [[Shi'a]] mourn on the day of Arba'in and mourning groups rally in streets. Great procession of Shi'a who try to arrive in [[Karbala]] on the day of Arba'in is one of the most important mourning ceremonies of Shi'a around the world. [[Procession of Arba'in]] is regarded as an act of following the mentioned hadith. | ||
==Historical Background== | ==Historical Background== | ||
{{Mourning of Muharram}} | {{Mourning of Muharram}} | ||
The day of Arba'in which is now a [[mourning]] day for Shi'a and an official holiday in some countries, origins from the [[ | The day of Arba'in which is now a [[mourning]] day for Shi'a and an official holiday in some countries, origins from the [[Event of Karbala]] which happened in [[Muharram 10]], [[61 AH]] ([[October 13]], 680) when [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and his companions were [[martyr]]ed in [[Day of Ashura (events)|a battle]] with the [[army of Kufa]]. The first Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn (a) ([[Safar 20]], [[61 AH]]) was 40th days after the that event. | ||
===Return of the Captives to Karbala=== | ===Return of the Captives to Karbala=== | ||
It is not agreed by all Shi'a scholars whether captives passed [[Karbala]] on their return from [[Medina]], but some scholars including [[al-Muhaddith al-Nuri]] in his ''[[al-Lu'lu' wa l-marjan]]'',<ref>Nuri, ''al-Lu'lu' wa l-marjan'', pp. 208-209</ref> and his student [[al-Shaykh 'Abbas al-Qummi]] in his ''[[Muntaha l-amal]]''<ref>Al-Qummi, ''Muntaha l-amal'', pp. 524-525</ref> believe that the mentioned visit did not happen in the first year after the event of Karbala and that it was not even possible at all. Before al-Muhaddith al-Nuri, [[al-Sayyid b. Tawus]] expressed his doubt about the issue as well in his ''[[Iqbal al-A'mal]]''. | |||
However, elsewhere in ''[[al-Luhuf]]'', Sayyid b. Tawus mentions that the caravan of the captives arrived in [[Iraq]] from Syria and arrived in Karbala on the day of Arba'in and after visiting Imam al-Husayn (a) moved towards [[Medina]]. He also mentions that they also visited [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] and some of [[Banu Hashim]] as well.<ref>Ibn Tawus, ''al-Luhuf'', p. 225</ref> | |||
[[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i]] wrote a comprehensive book called ''Tahqiq darbari-yi awwal Arba'in-i Sayyid al-Shuhada (a)'' (Research on the first Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn) to refute the views of al-Muhaddith al-Nuri and al-Shaykh 'Abbas al-Qummi. | [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i]] wrote a comprehensive book called ''Tahqiq darbari-yi awwal Arba'in-i Sayyid al-Shuhada (a)'' (Research on the first Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn) to refute the views of al-Muhaddith al-Nuri and al-Shaykh 'Abbas al-Qummi. | ||
===Visit of Jabir=== | ===Visit of Jabir=== | ||
[[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]], one of the [[companions of the Prophet (s)]] is known as the first pilgrim and visitor of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] after his [[martyrdom]]. Accompanied with [['Atiyya al-'Awfi]], he arrived in Karbala on the first Arba'in of the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Husayn (a) in [[61 AH]]/680 and visited Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Al-Qummi, ''Safinat al-bihar'', vol. 8, p. 383</ref> | [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]], one of the [[companions of the Prophet (s)]] is known as the first pilgrim and visitor of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] after his [[martyrdom]]. Accompanied with [['Atiyya al-'Awfi]], he arrived in Karbala on the first Arba'in of the [[martyrdom]] of Imam al-Husayn (a) in [[61 AH]]/680 and visited Imam al-Husayn (a).<ref>Al-Qummi, ''Safinat al-bihar'', vol. 8, p. 383</ref> | ||
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In a hadith from [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]], the faithful are described as having five signs, one of which is Ziyara of Arba'in.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'', vol. 6, p. 52</ref> | In a hadith from [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]], the faithful are described as having five signs, one of which is Ziyara of Arba'in.<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'', vol. 6, p. 52</ref> | ||
Also, a [[Ziyarat nami]] (Zaiyarah Text) for the day of Arba'in is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'', vol. 6, p. 113</ref> and [[al-Shaykh 'Abbas al-Qummi]] has mentioned it in his ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]'' in the third chapter after [[Ziyara of 'Ashura ghayr ma'rufa]] with the title of "Ziyarat | Also, a [[Ziyarat nami]] (Zaiyarah Text) for the day of Arba'in is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]]<ref>Al-Tusi, ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'', vol. 6, p. 113</ref> and [[al-Shaykh 'Abbas al-Qummi]] has mentioned it in his ''[[Mafatih al-jinan]]'' in the third chapter after [[Ziyara of 'Ashura ghayr ma'rufa]] with the title of "Ziyarat Arba'in". | ||
[[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i|Qadi Tabataba'i]] says that Shi'a also call Ziyara of Arba'in, "Maradd al-Ra's" (return of the head), suggesting that when the captives came back to Karbala on that day, they also brought the holy head of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and buried it with the body.<ref>Qadi Tabataba'i, ''Tahqiq darbari-yi awwal Arba'in-i Sayyid al-Shuhada'', p. 2</ref> | [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i|Qadi Tabataba'i]] says that Shi'a also call Ziyara of Arba'in, "Maradd al-Ra's" (return of the head), suggesting that when the captives came back to Karbala on that day, they also brought the holy head of [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] and buried it with the body.<ref>Qadi Tabataba'i, ''Tahqiq darbari-yi awwal Arba'in-i Sayyid al-Shuhada'', p. 2</ref> | ||
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* [[Timeline of the event of Karbala]] | * [[Timeline of the event of Karbala]] | ||
* [[Procession of Arba'in]] | * [[Procession of Arba'in]] | ||
* [[Ziyara of Arba'in]] | |||
* [[Karbala]] | * [[Karbala]] | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* The material for this article is mainly taken from[http://fa.wikishia.net/اربعین_حسینی اربعین حسینی] in Farsi WikiShia. | * The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/اربعین_حسینی {{ia|اربعین حسینی}}] in Farsi WikiShia. | ||
* Ibn Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa, ''Iqbal al-a'mal''. Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran, 1367 SH. | * Ibn Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa, ''Iqbal al-a'mal''. Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran, 1367 SH. | ||
* Ibn Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa, ''Al-Luhuf 'ala qatla l-tufuf'', Uswi, | * Ibn Tawus, 'Ali b. Musa, ''Al-Luhuf 'ala qatla l-tufuf'', Uswi, Qom, 1414 AH. | ||
* Al-Tusi, Muhammad b. al-Hasan, ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'', Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran, 1407 AH. | * Al-Tusi, Muhammad b. al-Hasan, ''Tahdhib al-ahkam'', Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran, 1407 AH. | ||
* Qadi Tabataba'i, ''Tahqiq darbari-yi awwal Arba'in-i hadrat-i Sayyid al-Shuhada'', Bunyad-i 'Ilmi Farhangi-yi Qadi Tabataba'i, Qom, 1368 SH. | * Qadi Tabataba'i, ''Tahqiq darbari-yi awwal Arba'in-i hadrat-i Sayyid al-Shuhada'', Bunyad-i 'Ilmi Farhangi-yi Qadi Tabataba'i, Qom, 1368 SH. | ||
* Al-Qummi, 'Abbas, ''Safinat al-bihar'', Uswi, Qom, 1414 AH. | * Al-Qummi, 'Abbas, ''Safinat al-bihar'', Uswi, Qom, 1414 AH. | ||
* Al-Qummi, 'Abbas, ''Muntaha l-amal'', Matbu'ati-yi Husayni, Tehran, 1372 SH. | * Al-Qummi, 'Abbas, ''Muntaha l-amal'', Matbu'ati-yi Husayni, Tehran, 1372 SH. | ||
* Al-Nuri, Husayn, ''Lu'lu' wa marjan'', Afaq, Tehran, 1388 SH. | * Al-Nuri, Husayn, ''al-Lu'lu' wa l-marjan'', Afaq, Tehran, 1388 SH. | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||