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Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn (a): Difference between revisions
Arba'in of Imam al-Husayn (a) (view source)
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In a [[hadith]] from [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]], [[ziyarah of Arba'in]] is considered among the sings of the faithful. | In a [[hadith]] from [[Imam al-Hasan al-'Askari (a)]], [[ziyarah of Arba'in]] is considered among the sings of the faithful. | ||
This day is a national holiday in [[Iran]]. [[Shi'a]] mourn on the day of Arba'in and mourning groups rally in streets. In recent years, [[Procession of Arba'in|great procession]] of Shi'a who try to arrive in [[Karbala]] on the day of Arba'in has become one of the most important mourning ceremonies of Shi'a around the world and it has even turned into one of the largest religious processions on a global scale . Currently the majority of foreign pilgrims in this procession are from Iran. | This day is a national holiday in [[Iran]]. [[Shi'a]] mourn on the day of Arba'in and mourning groups rally in the streets. In recent years, [[Procession of Arba'in|great procession]] of Shi'a who try to arrive in [[Karbala]] on the day of Arba'in has become one of the most important mourning ceremonies of Shi'a around the world and it has even turned into one of the largest religious processions on a global scale . Currently, the majority of foreign pilgrims in this procession are from Iran. | ||
==Historical Background== | ==Historical Background== | ||
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===Return of the Captives to Karbala=== | ===Return of the Captives to Karbala=== | ||
There | There are three opinions among Shi'a scholars about the return of the [[captives of Karbala|captives]] passing [[Karbala]] on their way to [[Medina]] | ||
* Some scholars including [[al-Muhaddith al-Nuri]] in his ''[[al-Lu'lu' wa l-marjan]]'',<ref>Nūrī, ''Luʾ Luʾ wa marjān'', p. 208-209.</ref> and his student [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi]] in his ''[[Muntaha l-amal]]''<ref>Qummī, ''Muntahā l-āmāl''', pp. 524-525.</ref> believe that the mentioned visit did not happen in the first year after the Battle of Karbala and that it was not even possible at all. Before al-Muhaddith al-Nuri, [[al-Sayyid b. Tawus]] expressed his doubt about the issue as well in his ''[[Iqbal al-a'mal]]''. | * Some scholars including [[al-Muhaddith al-Nuri]] in his ''[[al-Lu'lu' wa l-marjan]]'',<ref>Nūrī, ''Luʾ Luʾ wa marjān'', p. 208-209.</ref> and his student [[Shaykh 'Abbas Qumi]] in his ''[[Muntaha l-amal]]''<ref>Qummī, ''Muntahā l-āmāl''', pp. 524-525.</ref> believe that the mentioned visit did not happen in the first year after the Battle of Karbala and that it was not even possible at all. Before al-Muhaddith al-Nuri, [[al-Sayyid b. Tawus]] expressed his doubt about the issue as well in his ''[[Iqbal al-a'mal]]''. | ||
* Some scholars confirmed that the captives | * Some scholars confirmed that the captives had visited Karbala, and considered a later time for it, end of Safar or beginning of Rabi' I or later. | ||
* Others believe that the caravan of the captives arrived in [[Iraq]] from Syria and arrived in Karbala on the day of Arba'in and after visiting Imam al-Husayn (a) moved towards [[Medina]]. They also believe that they visited [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] and some of [[Banu Hashim]] as well. This opinion is mentioned in the ''[[al-Luhuf]]'' of al-Sayyid b. Tawus.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 225</ref> | * Others believe that the caravan of the captives arrived in [[Iraq]] from Syria and arrived in Karbala on the day of Arba'in and after visiting Imam al-Husayn (a) moved towards [[Medina]]. They also believe that they visited [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]] and some of [[Banu Hashim]] as well. This opinion is mentioned in the ''[[al-Luhuf]]'' of al-Sayyid b. Tawus.<ref>Ibn Ṭāwūs, ''al-Luhūf'', p. 225</ref> | ||
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{{Main|Procession of Arba'in}} | {{Main|Procession of Arba'in}} | ||
[[File:Arba'in.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Procession of Arba'in]] | [[File:Arba'in.jpg|250px|thumbnail|right|Procession of Arba'in]] | ||
Since the ziyarah of Arba'in has been strongly recommended, [[Shi'a]], especially Shi'a of Iraq, move towards [[Karbala]] every year on the occasion of Arba'in. This procession, which is usually made on foot, is considered | Since the ziyarah of Arba'in has been strongly recommended, [[Shi'a]], especially Shi'a of Iraq, move towards [[Karbala]] every year on the occasion of Arba'in. This procession, which is usually made on foot, is considered one of the most crowded rallies in the world. In recent years, following the collapse of the previous regime in Iraq, the number of these pilgrims has multiplied. In 2013, some reports estimated the number of pilgrims attending Karbala to be 15 million.<ref>[http://www.vatanemrooz.ir/Newspaper/MobileBlock?NewspaperBlockID=149350 A view on the consequences of Arba'in Procession (Persian)]</ref> | ||
[[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i|Qadi Tabataba'i]] wrote that procession of Arba'in towards Karbala has been a common practice among Shi'a since the time of Imams (a) and Shi'a used to perform it even at the time of [[Umayyads]] and [[Abbasids]].<ref>Qāḍī Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''Taḥqīq darbāra-yi awwal-i arbaʿīn ḥaḍrat-i sayyid al-shuhadāʾ'', p. 1-2.</ref> | [[Sayyid Muhammad 'Ali Qadi Tabataba'i|Qadi Tabataba'i]] wrote that procession of Arba'in towards Karbala has been a common practice among Shi'a since the time of Imams (a) and Shi'a used to perform it even at the time of [[Umayyads]] and [[Abbasids]].<ref>Qāḍī Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''Taḥqīq darbāra-yi awwal-i arbaʿīn ḥaḍrat-i sayyid al-shuhadāʾ'', p. 1-2.</ref> | ||
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==Arba'in Intifada== | ==Arba'in Intifada== | ||
{{Main|Arba'in Intifada}} | {{Main|Arba'in Intifada}} | ||
Baath party had put restrictions on holding religious ceremonies. It was also forbidden to erect any stand or any form of procession on the road to Karbala.<ref>Muʾmin, ''Sanawāt al-jamar'', p. 165.</ref> However, on Safar 15, 1398/January 25, 1978 people of Najaf prepared themselves for Arba'in procession.<ref>Asadī, ''Mujiz tārīkh al-Irāq al-siyāsī al-ḥadīth'', p. 101.</ref> A caravan of 30 thousand people started to move towards Karbala. | Baath party had put restrictions on holding religious ceremonies. It was also forbidden to erect any stand or any form of procession on the road to Karbala.<ref>Muʾmin, ''Sanawāt al-jamar'', p. 165.</ref> However, on Safar 15, 1398/January 25, 1978, the people of Najaf prepared themselves for the Arba'in procession.<ref>Asadī, ''Mujiz tārīkh al-Irāq al-siyāsī al-ḥadīth'', p. 101.</ref> A caravan of 30 thousand people started to move towards Karbala. The government confronted it from the beginning, and a number of people were martyred. Finally, on the road to Karbala, the army attacked people and arrested thousands of them.<ref>Wiley, ''Nihḍat-i Islāmī-yi shīʿayān-i Irāq'', p. 81.</ref> Many people were killed, some were sentenced to death, and some others were sentenced to life in prison. | ||
[[Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] and [[al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim]] were influential in this intifada.<ref>Muʾmin, ''Sanawāt al-jamar'', p. 169.</ref> Imam Khomeini acknowledged this public movement as well.<ref>Muʾmin, ''Sanawāt al-jamar'', p. 170.</ref> | [[Al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr]] and [[al-Sayyid Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim]] were influential in this intifada.<ref>Muʾmin, ''Sanawāt al-jamar'', p. 169.</ref> Imam Khomeini acknowledged this public movement as well.<ref>Muʾmin, ''Sanawāt al-jamar'', p. 170.</ref> | ||
==During COVID-19 Pandemic== | ==During COVID-19 Pandemic== | ||
In 2020 following a global pandemic called COVID-19 or coronavirus, Iraqi government announced that it would not allow any foreign pilgrims to enter the country to control the spread of this disease. | In 2020 following a global pandemic called COVID-19 or coronavirus, the Iraqi government announced that it would not allow any foreign pilgrims to enter the country to control the spread of this disease. | ||
==See Also== | ==See Also== | ||