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Sura al-Kafirun: Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Sūra al-Kāfirūn''' (Arabic: {{ia|سورة الكافرون}}) is the 109th [[sura]] of the [[Qur'an]]. It is a [[Makki]] sura located in [[juz']] thirty. This sura is called al-Kafirun because it speaks about faithless ones. In this sura, [[God]] ordered the [[Prophet (s)]] to explicitly declare his renouncement of [[idol-worshiping]] and to say that he (s) would never turn to their [[religion]] and would not be in peace with them. It is said that this sura was [[revelation|revealed]] when a group of [[disbeliever]]s suggested that they would follow the religion of the Prophet (s) for a while and then the Prophet (s) should follow their religion for a while. | ||
About the merits of [[recitation]] of this sura, it is mentioned in [[hadith]] that if it is recited before sleeping, it will bring security and if it is recited in [[obligatory prayers]], it leads to forgiveness of the reciter and his parents and children. | About the merits of [[recitation]] of this sura, it is mentioned in [[hadith]] that if it is recited before sleeping, it will bring security and if it is recited in [[obligatory prayers]], it leads to forgiveness of the reciter and his parents and children. | ||
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
===Naming=== | ===Naming=== | ||
This sura is called al-Kafirun because it speaks about faithless people and begins by addressing them. Other names are mentioned for this sura including "'Ibada" and "Jahd". Calling this sura "'Ibada" is because the word "'Ibada" and its derivations are mentioned in this sura several times and "Jahd" means rejection and is considered a name for this sura because it speaks about those who rejected the religion of God.<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1269-1270.</ref> | This sura is called "al-Kafirun" because it speaks about faithless people and begins by addressing them. Other names are mentioned for this sura including "'Ibada" and "Jahd". Calling this sura "'Ibada" is because the word "'Ibada" and its derivations are mentioned in this sura several times and "Jahd" means rejection and is considered a name for this sura because it speaks about those who rejected the religion of God.<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1269-1270.</ref> | ||
===Place and order of revelation=== | ===Place and order of revelation=== | ||
Sura al-Kafirun is a [[Makki]] sura and | Sura al-Kafirun is a [[Makki]] sura and the eighteenth sura revealed to the [[Prophet (s)]]. In the current order of the Qur'an, it is the 109th sura<ref>Maʿrifat, ''Āmūzish-i ʿulūm-i Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 166.</ref> located in [[juz' thirty]]. | ||
===Number of verses and other characteristics=== | ===Number of verses and other characteristics=== | ||
Sura al-Kafirun has | Sura al-Kafirun has six verses, twenty seven words and ninety one letters. It is a short sura and among [[Mufassalat]] (having several short verses). Sura al-Kafirun is one of the "[[Four Qul]]", the four suras beginning with "qul" ({{ia|قُل}}).<ref>Khurramshāhī, ''Dānishnāma-yi Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 1269-1270.</ref> | ||
== Content == | == Content == | ||
In Sura al-Kafirun, [[God]] orders [[Prophet (s)|His messenger (s)]] to explicitly declares his renouncement of idol-worshiping and announces that faithless ones too reject his religion, so they neither accept the [[Islam|religion of Prophet Muhammad (s)]], nor does their religion attract the Prophet (s); so, neither faithless ones worship what the Prophet (s) worships, and nor would the Prophet (s) ever worship what they [[worship]]. Thus, faithless ones should be disappointed of the Prophet (s) making | In Sura al-Kafirun, [[God]] orders [[Prophet (s)|His messenger (s)]] to explicitly declares his renouncement of [[idol-worshiping]] and announces that faithless ones too reject his religion, so they neither accept the [[Islam|religion of Prophet Muhammad (s)]], nor does their religion attract the Prophet (s); so, neither faithless ones worship what the Prophet (s) worships, and nor would the Prophet (s) ever worship what they [[worship]]. Thus, faithless ones should be disappointed of the Prophet (s) making peace with them.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 373.</ref> | ||
{{Content of Sura al-Kafirun}} | {{Content of Sura al-Kafirun}} | ||
== Occasion of Revelation == | == Occasion of Revelation == | ||
About the [[ | About the [[occasion of revelation]] of this [[sura]], [[exegete]]s, including [[al-Tabari]], [[Shaykh al-Tusi|al-Tusi]], al-Maybudi, al-Zamakhshari, [[al-Tabrisi]] and [[Abu l-Futuh al-Razi|Abu l-Futuh]] wrote that some great chiefs of [[Quraysh]] who were leaders of ignorance and deviation, including [[Walid b. Mughira]], [['As b. Wa'il]], [[Umayya b. Khalf]], [[Aswad b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] and [[Harith b. Qays]] went to the Prophet (s) and suggested a mutual peace and told the [[Prophet (s)]], "you follow our religion for a while (one year) and worship our idols and for a while (one year) we will follow your religion and worship your God". The Prophet (s) adamantly rejected their suggestion and this sura was revealed. | ||
== Verse Six and Its Misinterpretation == | == Verse Six and Its Misinterpretation == | ||
In his [[commentary of Qur'an|commentary]] on verse six of this sura which says, "To you your religion, and to me my religion.", [['Allama Tabataba'i]] wrote that, here, someone may think that this verse allows people to choose religion freely and says that anyone can choose [[polytheism]] if he wishes, or that someone thinks that the verse orders the Prophet (s) that he (s) should not mind about their religion. However, these interpretations are wrong. On the contrary, the verse is telling the Prophet (s) that he (a) would never turn to their religion and they would never accept the invitation of the Truth.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 374.</ref> | In his [[commentary of Qur'an|commentary]] on verse six of this sura which says, "To you your religion, and to me my religion.", [['Allama Tabataba'i]] wrote that, here, someone may think that this verse allows people to choose religion freely and says that anyone can choose [[polytheism]] if he wishes, or that someone thinks that the verse orders the Prophet (s) that he (s) should not mind about their religion. However, these interpretations are wrong. On the contrary, the verse is telling the Prophet (s) that he (a) would never turn to their religion and they would never accept the invitation of the Truth.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 374.</ref> | ||
Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i | Furthermore, to reject another false interpretation, Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i writes, "Some [[exegete]]s have said that the word "din" (religion) in this verse means "[[reward]]" and the [[verse]] means that the reward for my religion is mine and the reward for your religion is yours". Then, 'Allama Tabataba'i did not accept this and considered it a quite implausible interpretation.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāyī, ''al-Mīzān'', vol. 20, p. 375.</ref> | ||
== Merits and Benefits == | == Merits and Benefits == | ||
About the merits of [[recitation]] of Sura al-Kafirun, it is [[narration|narrated]] that a person told the noble Prophet (s), " | About the merits of [[recitation]] of Sura al-Kafirun, it is [[narration|narrated]] that a person told the noble Prophet (s), "Teach me something to say when I am about to sleep." The Prophet (s) advised him that "whenever he wants to sleep, recites Sura al-Kafirun and will be safe from polytheism."<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 550.</ref> Also, it is transmitted from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that the reward for recitation of this sura equals the reward for recitation of one fourth of the Qur'an. Whoever recites Sura al-Kafirun and [[Sura al-Ikhlas]] in his [[obligatory prayers]], God will forgive his parents and his children.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Thawāb al-aʿmāl'', p. 127.</ref> It is transmitted from him too, that "in the two rak'as of [[fajr prayer]], recite every sura you like, but I like to recite [[Sura al-Ikhlas]] and Sura al-Kafirun."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 2, p. 136.</ref> | ||
Also, some benefits are narrated from Sura al-Kafirun, including that [[Satan]] will go away from its reciter;<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 10, p. 552.</ref> that whoever recites it ten times upon sunrise, his [[Dua'|supplication]] will be {{fulltext}}fulfilled<ref>Kafʿamī, ''al-Miṣbāḥ'', p. 461.</ref>, and that if someone recites it 100 times in the night of [[Friday]], he will meet the Prophet (s) in his dream.<ref>Nūrī, ''Mustadrak al-wasāʾil'', vol. 6, p. 105.</ref> | |||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||