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Musaylama al-Kadhdhab: Difference between revisions
adding references.
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| Kunya = Abu Thumama | | Kunya = Abu Thumama | ||
| Epithet = Rahman | | Epithet = Rahman | ||
| Well Known As = | | Well Known As = "Musaylama al-Kadhdhāb" (Arabic: {{ia|مُسَیْلَمَة الکَذّاب}}, literally: Musaylama the Liar) | ||
| Religious Affiliation = [[Disbliever]] | | Religious Affiliation = [[Disbliever]] | ||
| Lineage = From the Banu Hanifa Tribe in [[al-Yamama]] | | Lineage = From the Banu Hanifa Tribe in [[al-Yamama]] | ||
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| Activities = Reverse [[miracle]]s like making someone's eye blind, permitted wine and adultery. | | Activities = Reverse [[miracle]]s like making someone's eye blind, permitted wine and adultery. | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Musaylama b. Thumāma al-Ḥanafī al-Wā'ilī''' (Arabic: {{ia|مُسَیْلَمَة بن ثُمامَة الحَنَفی الوائِلی}}), known as | '''Musaylama b. Thumāma al-Ḥanafī al-Wā'ilī''' (Arabic: {{ia|مُسَیْلَمَة بن ثُمامَة الحَنَفی الوائِلی}}), known as "Musaylama al-Kadhdhāb" (Arabic: {{ia|مُسَیْلَمَة الکَذّاب}}, literally: Musaylama the Liar) (d: [[12]]/633), was a person who claimed [[prophethood]] in [[10]]/631. He was killed in the [[Battle of Yamama]] under the commandership of [[Khalid b. Walid]] in [[12]]/633. | ||
Musaylama had accepted the prophethood of [[the Prophet Muhammad (s)]], but he claimed that he shared the prophethood with him. He permitted adultery and wine for his followers and removed the obligation of [[daily prayers]]. He also tried to repeat certain [[miracle]]s of the Prophet (s), but the outcomes were the reverse of what he intended. | Musaylama had accepted the prophethood of [[the Prophet Muhammad (s)]], but he claimed that he shared the prophethood with him. He permitted adultery and wine for his followers and removed the obligation of [[daily prayers]]. He also tried to repeat certain [[miracle]]s of the Prophet (s), but the outcomes were the reverse of what he intended. | ||
==Name, Lineage, and Title== | ==Name, Lineage, and Title== | ||
Musaylama was from the Banu Hanifa Tribe in [[al-Yamama]]. His name was Musaylama b. Thumama b. Kabir b. Habib al-Hanafi al-Wa'ili, and his [[kunya]] was Abu Thumama. His title was | Musaylama was from the Banu Hanifa Tribe in [[al-Yamama]]. His name was Musaylama b. Thumama b. Kabir b. Habib al-Hanafi al-Wa'ili,<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 226.</ref> and his [[kunya]] was Abu Thumama.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 2, p. 576.</ref> His title was "Rahman", and in the period of [[Jahiliyya]] (Ignorance), he was known as Rahman al-Yamama.<ref>Balādhurī, ''Futūḥ al-buldān'', p. 109.</ref> In [[Sanat al-Wufud]] (or Year of Delegates) in [[9]]/630, he and senior figures of his tribe went from al-Yamama to [[Medina]]. There are two accounts of their meeting with [[the Prophet (s)]]: | ||
* Musaylama and his companions went to the Prophet (s). He said: | * Musaylama and his companions went to the Prophet (s). He said: "If Muhammad appoints me as his successor, I will follow him". The Prophet (s) said, while holding a branch of a palm tree in his hand, "If you ask me to give you what I am holding in my hand, I will not give it to you. Do not be hostile to what God has planned for you, and if you turn away, God will cut off your generation".<ref>Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 4, p. 203.</ref> | ||
* In Medina, Musaylama was a watchman of provisions and equipments of his fellows and so he did not go to the Propeht (s). When they converted to Islam, they told the Prophet (s) that they had appointed one of their fellows as a watchman for their stuff. The Prophet (s) ordered that Musaylama be given whatever is given to the delegates. | * In Medina, Musaylama was a watchman of provisions and equipments of his fellows and so he did not go to the Propeht (s).<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 130; Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 2, p. 576.</ref> When they converted to Islam, they told the Prophet (s) that they had appointed one of their fellows as a watchman for their stuff. The Prophet (s) ordered that Musaylama be given whatever is given to the delegates.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 2, p. 576-577.</ref> | ||
Upon his return, Musaylama claimed [[prophethood]], and the Prophet Muhammad (s) called him | Upon his return, Musaylama claimed [[prophethood]],<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 226.</ref> and the Prophet Muhammad (s) called him "Musaylama al-Kadhdhab" (Musaylama the Liar).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 3, p. 146.</ref> On other accounts, his name was Harun or Maslama. Some people believe that his name was Maslama, but after his claim of prophethood, Muslims humiliated him by using the diminutive (in Arabic grammar, musaghghar, {{ia|مُصَغَّر}}) form of his name, Musaylama (literally: the little Maslama).<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 226.</ref> | ||
==Claim of Prophethood== | ==Claim of Prophethood== | ||
In a letter he wrote to [[the Prophet (s)]] in 11/632, Musaylama claimed that he shared prophethood with Muhammad (s). In response, the Prophet (s) called him | In a letter he wrote to [[the Prophet (s)]] in 11/632, Musaylama claimed that he shared prophethood with Muhammad (s). In response, the Prophet (s) called him "Musaylama al-Kadhdhab"(liar) and sent [[Habib b. Zayd b. 'Asim]] to him, but Habib was martyred by Musaylama, because he did not confirm his prophethood.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 1, p. 320; Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-Ghāba'', vol. 1, p. 443.</ref> After the demise of the Prophet (s), the circumstances were right for Musaylama. He gathered some people around him, and imitating the [[Qur'an]], he composed rhythmic prose, and presented it to his followers.<ref>Ziriklī, ''al-Aʿlām'', vol. 7, p. 226.</ref> Musaylama married [[Sijah]], the daughter of Harith al-Tamimi. She had also claimed prophethood.<ref>Ibn Ḥajar, ''al-Iṣāba'', vol. 7, p. 344.</ref> As a [[mahr]] for her, Musaylama excused his followers from the obligation of saying [[fajr]] and [['isha']] prayers.<ref>Ibn Aʿtham, ''al-Futūḥ'', vol. 1, p. 22.</ref> | ||
He permitted wine and adultery for his followers and exempted his followers from the obligation of the [[prayer]], although he confirmed the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad (s). | He permitted wine and adultery for his followers and exempted his followers from the obligation of the [[prayer]], although he confirmed the prophethood of the Prophet Muhammad (s).<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 2, p. 577.</ref> | ||
==Reverse Miracles== | ==Reverse Miracles== | ||
On some accounts, Musaylama tried to repeat some [[miracle]]s of the Prophet (s), but with reverse outcomes. He threw his saliva in a water well, but the well dried, instead of springing. A child was taken to him so that he prays for him, but when he patted his head, the child became bald. When the remnants of the water with which he practiced [[wudu]] was thrown in a garden, no plant grew there anymore, and when he patted a person’s eye, the person went blind. | On some accounts, Musaylama tried to repeat some [[miracle]]s of the Prophet (s), but with reverse outcomes. He threw his saliva in a water well, but the well dried, instead of springing. A child was taken to him so that he prays for him, but when he patted his head, the child became bald. When the remnants of the water with which he practiced [[wudu]] was thrown in a garden, no plant grew there anymore, and when he patted a person’s eye, the person went blind.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 6, p. 327.</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
In 12/633, [[Abu Bakr]] sent an army to al-Yamama under the commandership of Khalid b. Walid. Khalid fought Musaylama and his companions in the area of 'Aqraba'. Musaylama was killed in [[Rabi' al-Thani]] [[12]]/June 633. [[Wahshi b. Harb]] (the killer of [[Hamza]]), [['Abd Allah b. Zayd b. 'Asim]], and [[Abu Dujana]] had a role in his murder. On other accounts, Wahshi b. Harb or 'Abd Allah b. Zayd b. 'Asim are said to have individually killed Musaylama. | In 12/633,<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-Ghāba'', vol. 3, p. 194.</ref> [[Abu Bakr]] sent an army to al-Yamama under the commandership of Khalid b. Walid.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''al-Istīʿāb'', vol. 2, p. 429.</ref> Khalid fought Musaylama and his companions in the area of 'Aqraba'. Musaylama was killed in [[Rabi' al-Thani]] [[12]]/June 633.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 131.</ref> [[Wahshi b. Harb]] (the killer of [[Hamza]]), [['Abd Allah b. Zayd b. 'Asim]], and [[Abu Dujana]] had a role in his murder.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-Ghāba'', vol. 5, p. 96.</ref> On other accounts, Wahshi b. Harb<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-Ghāba'', vol. 4, p. 662.</ref> or 'Abd Allah b. Zayd b. 'Asim<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Usd al-Ghāba'', vol. 3, p. 147.</ref> are said to have individually killed Musaylama. | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ref}} | |||
*Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā. ''Futūḥ al-buldān''. Beirut: Dār wa Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1988. | |||
*Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Edited by Muḥammad Zahīr b. Nāṣir. Damascus: Dār Ṭawq al-najā, 1422 AH. | |||
*Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Istīʿāb fī maʿrifat al-aṣḥāb''. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥammad al-Bajāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Jail, 1412 H. | |||
*Ibn Aʿtham, Aḥmad al-Kūfī. ''Al-Futūḥ''. Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ, 1411 AH. | |||
*Ibn Athīr, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-Ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH. | |||
*Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyīz al-ṣaḥāba''. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd & ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH. | |||
*Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Saqā & Ibrāhīm al-Abyārī. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d]. | |||
*Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH. | |||
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abū l-Faḍl Ibrāhīm. Beirut: Dār al-Turāth, 1387 AH. | |||
*Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb. ''Tārīkh al-yaʿqūbī''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, [n.d]. | |||
*Ziriklī, Maḥmūd b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Aʿlām''. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Mullāyīn, 1989. | |||
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