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Al-Mubahala Verse: Difference between revisions
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'''Verse of Mubāhala''' (آية المباهلة) is [[verse]] 61 of [[Sura Al 'Imran]] which is about the [[Prophet (s)| | '''Verse of Mubāhala''' (آية المباهلة) is [[verse]] 61 of [[Sura Al 'Imran]] which is about the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet's (s)]] encounter with Christians of [[Najran]] and is an evidence for the virtues of [[Ashab al-Kisa']], especially [[Imam Ali (a)]]. | ||
== The Verse == | == The Verse == | ||
"فَمَنْ حَاجَّكَ فِيهِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْا نَدْعُ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَنِسَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَكُمْ وَأَنفُسَنَا وَأَنفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَل لَّعْنَتَ اللَّـهِ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِينَ" | "فَمَنْ حَاجَّكَ فِيهِ مِن بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَكَ مِنَ الْعِلْمِ فَقُلْ تَعَالَوْا نَدْعُ أَبْنَاءَنَا وَأَبْنَاءَكُمْ وَنِسَاءَنَا وَنِسَاءَكُمْ وَأَنفُسَنَا وَأَنفُسَكُمْ ثُمَّ نَبْتَهِلْ فَنَجْعَل لَّعْنَتَ اللَّـهِ عَلَى الْكَاذِبِينَ" | ||
“Should anyone argue with you concerning him, after the knowledge that has come to you, say, ‘Come! Let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, our souls and your souls, then let us pray earnestly and call down | “Should anyone argue with you concerning him, after the knowledge that has come to you, say, ‘Come! Let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, our souls and your souls, then let us pray earnestly and call down Allah's curse upon the liars.'” (3:61) | ||
== Cause of Revelation == | == Cause of Revelation == | ||
[[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] commentators believe that this verse is about the debate and challenge between the [[Prophet (s)]] and the Christians of [[Najran]] in which they insist on their idea that [[Jesus]] is of the three personifications of God and did not accept the revelation of the [[Qur'an]] which referred to Jesus as merely a pious servant and a [[messenger of God]] so that the Prophet (s) asked them to attend [[Mubahala]] which was a mutual curse. | [[Shi'a]] and [[Sunni]] commentators believe that this verse is about the debate and challenge between the [[Prophet (s)]] and the Christians of [[Najran]] in which they insist on their idea that [[Jesus]] is of the three personifications of God and did not accept the revelation of the [[Qur'an]] which referred to Jesus as merely a pious servant and a [[messenger of God]] so that the Prophet (s) asked them to attend [[Mubahala]] which was a mutual curse. | ||
Sunni commentators ([[Zamakhshari]], [[Fakhr Razi]], [[Baydawi]], et al.) have said that "abna'una" ["our sons"] in the verse refers to [[Hasan (a)]] and [[Husayn (a)]], "nisa'una" ["our women"] refers to [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and "anfusana" ["our selves"] refers to [[Imam Ali (a)]], i.e. the four people who accompanied the Prophet (s) form the five [[Al 'Aba]] or [[Ahl al- | Sunni commentators ([[Zamakhshari]], [[Fakhr Razi]], [[Baydawi]], et al.) have said that "abna'una" ["our sons"] in the verse refers to [[Hasan (a)]] and [[Husayn (a)]], "nisa'una" ["our women"] refers to [[Fatima al-Zahra (a)]] and "anfusana" ["our selves"] refers to [[Imam Ali (a)]], i.e. the four people who accompanied the Prophet (s) form the five [[Al 'Aba]] or [[Ahl al-Kisa']] and beside this verse which shows their great position; according to Zamakhshari and Fakhr Razi, the [[verse of Tathir]] (33:33) regards them as ones from whom all impurities are repelled as well. | ||
Seeing true sincerity and valor of the Prophet (s) and his companions, the Christians of Najran became fearful of divine punishment and did not accept mubahala and made peace with the Prophet (s) and asked him to remain Christian and pay [[Jizya]] and the Prophet (s) accepted. | Seeing true sincerity and valor of the Prophet (s) and his companions, the Christians of Najran became fearful of divine punishment and did not accept mubahala and made peace with the Prophet (s) and asked him to remain Christian and pay [[Jizya]] and the Prophet (s) accepted. | ||
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Therefore, it can be understood that it was not necessary for the parties to be more than two people and thus the plural pronouns in the verse means that each of the parties would perish. Due to historical reports for that event, the Prophet (s) took no one else to Mubahala except for [[Ali (a)]], [[Fatima (a)]], [[Hasan (a)]] and [[Husayn (a)]] and all the pronouns referred to two people except for Fatima (a). There are other verses in the [[Qur'an]] which refer to one person while the verbal reference is plural such as the [[verses of Zihar]] in the [[Sura al-Mujadala]]. | Therefore, it can be understood that it was not necessary for the parties to be more than two people and thus the plural pronouns in the verse means that each of the parties would perish. Due to historical reports for that event, the Prophet (s) took no one else to Mubahala except for [[Ali (a)]], [[Fatima (a)]], [[Hasan (a)]] and [[Husayn (a)]] and all the pronouns referred to two people except for Fatima (a). There are other verses in the [[Qur'an]] which refer to one person while the verbal reference is plural such as the [[verses of Zihar]] in the [[Sura al-Mujadala]]. | ||
In the comments for this verse in his [[Kashshaf]] commentary, [[Zamakhshari]] narrates from [[Aisha]] that, "on the [[day of Mubahala]], the Prophet (s) went out wearing a black cloak. He (s) met Imam Hasan (a), took him under the cloak and then met Imam Husayn (a) and took him under the cloak too and then he (s) took Fatima (a) and Ali (a) under the cloak and said, "Indeed [[Allah]] desires to repel all impurity from you, O People of the Household, and purify you with a thorough purification. (33:33)" Zamakhshari continues that, "Bringing children and women to Mubahala showed more confidence than going alone; because the Prophet (s) brought his most beloved ones to the war which was supposed to inflict the curse upon each of the parties and God mentions them prior to the selves to show their importance over | In the comments for this verse in his [[Kashshaf]] commentary, [[Zamakhshari]] narrates from [[Aisha]] that, "on the [[day of Mubahala]], the Prophet (s) went out wearing a black cloak. He (s) met Imam Hasan (a), took him under the cloak and then met Imam Husayn (a) and took him under the cloak too and then he (s) took Fatima (a) and Ali (a) under the cloak and said, "Indeed [[Allah]] desires to repel all impurity from you, O People of the Household, and purify you with a thorough purification. (33:33)" Zamakhshari continues that, "Bringing children and women to Mubahala showed more confidence than going alone; because the Prophet (s) brought his most beloved ones to the war which was supposed to inflict the curse upon each of the parties and God mentions them prior to the selves to show their importance over one's own self." Then Zamakhshari says, "This proof for the eminence of [[Ashab al-Kisa']] is stronger than any other reason.”<ref>Zamalhsari, Kashshaf, Vol.1, PP. 369-70, under the verse 61 of sura Al 'Imran</ref> | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||