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Shayth (a): Difference between revisions
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== Life == | == Life == | ||
Shayth (a) was the third son of Adam (a) and the younger brother of Habil and Qabil. Based on historical reports, after the griefs and complaints of Adam (a) about Habil's murder, God gave him a son called Shayth (a) instead of Habil. Thus, his epithet is "Hibat Allah" (gift of Allah). He was born when Adam (a) was 130 years old. | Shayth (a) was the third son of Adam (a) and the younger brother of Habil and Qabil. Based on historical reports, after the griefs and complaints of Adam (a) about Habil's murder, God gave him a son called Shayth (a) instead of Habil.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 166.</ref> Thus, his epithet is "Hibat Allah" (gift of Allah). He was born when Adam (a) was 130 years old.<ref>Genesis, 4:25-26; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 95.</ref> | ||
Like other children of Adam (a) and Eve, Shayth (a) was born together with his twin sister whose name was 'Azura. However, based on some sources, he was born alone. | Like other children of Adam (a) and Eve, Shayth (a) was born together with his twin sister whose name was 'Azura.<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', vol. 1, p. 218.</ref> However, based on some sources, he was born alone.<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 2, p. 382.</ref> | ||
=== Marriage and Children === | === Marriage and Children === | ||
Historical sources considered Shayth's (a) wife a [[houri]], the [[marriage]] of the two was due to the request of [[Adam (a)]]. The result of this marriage was four children, the first of whom was Anush, who became Shayth's (a) vicegerent. Shayth (a) was 105 when Anush was born. | Historical sources considered Shayth's (a) wife a [[houri]], the [[marriage]] of the two was due to the request of [[Adam (a)]]. The result of this marriage was four children, the first of whom was Anush, who became Shayth's (a) vicegerent.<ref>Dāwarpanāh, ''Anwār al-ʿirfān'', vol. 8, p. 13; Ḥusaynī Hamidānī, ''Anwār-i dirakhshān'', vol. 3, p. 325.</ref> Shayth (a) was 105 when Anush was born.<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 101.</ref> | ||
Some sources have spoken about the marriage of Shayth (a) with Iqlima (Eklima), [[Qabil]]'s sister. | Some sources have spoken about the marriage of Shayth (a) with Iqlima (Eklima), [[Qabil]]'s sister.<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 2, p. 386; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr'', vol. 1, p. 385.</ref> | ||
=== Continuation of Human's Lineage === | === Continuation of Human's Lineage === | ||
An attribute of Shayth (a) is that the human's lineage reaches back to him; as the children and descendants of Qabil were all lost. Based on historical sources, Qabil's family committed sins such as adultery, drinking alcohol, [[fire-worship]] and using the instruments of play and dissipation and were perished by the [[storm of Noah (a)]] and only the family of Shayth (a) survived. | An attribute of Shayth (a) is that the human's lineage reaches back to him; as the children and descendants of Qabil were all lost.<ref>Sharaf al-Dīn, ''al-Mawsūʿa al-Qurʾānīyya'', vol. 2, p. 140.</ref> Based on historical sources, Qabil's family committed sins such as adultery, drinking alcohol, [[fire-worship]] and using the instruments of play and dissipation and were perished by the [[storm of Noah (a)]] and only the family of Shayth (a) survived.<ref>Thaʿlabī, ''Tafsīr al-Thaʿlabī'', vol. 4, p. 53; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 3, p. 287.</ref> | ||
== Adam's (a) Vicegerency and Prophethood == | == Adam's (a) Vicegerency and Prophethood == | ||
By the order of [[God]], Shayth (a) became the vicegerent of Adam (a) and received all the knowledge Adam (a) was given. After Adam (a) passed away, Shayth (a) reached [[prophethood]] and began his leadership and government among people. Shayth (a) administered Adam's (a) principles including the rules and punishments of the corrupt and ordered people to piety and good deeds. | By the order of [[God]], Shayth (a) became the vicegerent of Adam<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 63, 231.</ref> (a) and received all the knowledge Adam (a) was given.<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 63, 229.</ref> After Adam (a) passed away, Shayth (a) reached [[prophethood]]<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 99; Balʿamī, ''Tārīkhnāma-yi Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 70.</ref> and began his leadership and government among people. Shayth (a) administered Adam's (a) principles including the rules and punishments of the corrupt and ordered people to piety and good deeds.<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 64-65.</ref> | ||
In order that Shayth (a) does not end in the same destiny as of Habil because of Qabil's [[envy]], Adam (a) advised Shayth (a) to conceal his knowledge and position from [[Qabil]]. Therefore, Shayth (a) practiced [[taqiyya]] (dissimulation) for a while. There are also reports mentioning the threatening of Shayth (a) by Qabil after Shayth (a) was chosen as Adam's (a) vicegerent. | In order that Shayth (a) does not end in the same destiny as of Habil because of Qabil's [[envy]], Adam (a) advised Shayth (a) to conceal his knowledge and position from [[Qabil]].<ref>Malikī Mīyānjī, ''Manāhij al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref> Therefore, Shayth (a) practiced [[taqiyya]] (dissimulation) for a while.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Ṭabarī'', vol. 2, p. 399.</ref> There are also reports mentioning the threatening of Shayth (a) by Qabil after Shayth (a) was chosen as Adam's (a) vicegerent.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', vol. 1, p. 104.</ref> | ||
It is transmitted from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that when [[Adam (a)]] passed away, Shayth (a) asked angel [[Gabriel]] to lead the prayer upon Adam's body. Gabriel said, "God ordered us to [[prostrate]] to your father and we do not get ahead of his righteous children and you are the best of his children." | It is transmitted from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that when [[Adam (a)]] passed away, Shayth (a) asked angel [[Gabriel]] to lead the prayer upon Adam's body. Gabriel said, "God ordered us to [[prostrate]] to your father and we do not get ahead of his righteous children and you are the best of his children."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 1, p. 163.</ref> | ||
== Tablets of Shayth (a) == | == Tablets of Shayth (a) == | ||
Like Adam (a) and other prophets, Shayth (a) had several tablets from [[God]]. 50 is the highest number, sources have mentioned for the number of the tablets of Shayth (a). | Like Adam (a) and other prophets, Shayth (a) had several tablets from [[God]]. 50 is the highest number, sources have mentioned for the number of the tablets of Shayth (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Ṭabarī'', vol. 2, p. 399.</ref> | ||
[[Mecca]] is mentioned as the place Shayth (a) lived and preached. During his prophethood, he was in contact with Gabriel and other [[angels]]. Based on some reports, he was the first person who invented writing. | [[Mecca]] is mentioned as the place Shayth (a) lived and preached.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Kāmil tārīkh buzurg-i Islām wa Iran'', vol. 1, p. 230.</ref> During his prophethood, he was in contact with Gabriel and other [[angels]].<ref>Jurjānī, ''Darj al-durar'', vol. 1, p. 662.</ref> Based on some reports, he was the first person who invented writing.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 99.</ref> | ||
== Demise and Burial Place == | == Demise and Burial Place == | ||
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== Sabaeans' Belief == | == Sabaeans' Belief == | ||
Some [[Sabians]] consider their holy book, the tablets of Shayth (a). Some historians believe that Sabians are from Syriac people, the most ancient religion on earth who claim that their lineage reaches back to Sabi', a child of Shayth (a). | Some [[Sabians]] consider their holy book, the tablets of Shayth (a). Some historians believe that Sabians are from Syriac people, the most ancient religion on earth who claim that their lineage reaches back to Sabi', a child of Shayth (a). | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
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