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Shayth (a): Difference between revisions
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| Burial place = | | Burial place = | ||
| Name of People = | | Name of People = | ||
| Before = | | Before =Enos (a) | ||
| After =Adam (a) | | After =Adam (a) | ||
| Book =Tablets from God | | Book =Tablets from God | ||
| Well known Relatives = | | Well known Relatives = [[Adam (a)]] (father), [[Eve]] (mother), [[Habil]] (brother) | ||
| Miracle = | | Miracle = | ||
| Contemporary Prophet = | | Contemporary Prophet = | ||
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'''Shayth (a)''' (Arabic: {{ia|شيث}}) or '''Seth''' was the second prophet after [[Adam (a)]]. He was among the children of Adam (a) and [[Eve]] and the small brother of [[Habil]] [Abel] and [[Qabil]] [Cain]. His birth was a gift from [[God]] for Adam (a) after the murder of Habil; therefore, Shayth (a) was known as Hibat Allah (gift of Allah). | '''Shayth (a)''' (Arabic: {{ia|شيث}}) or '''Seth''' was the second prophet after [[Adam (a)]]. He was among the children of Adam (a) and [[Eve]] and the small brother of [[Habil]] [Abel] and [[Qabil]] [Cain]. His birth was a gift from [[God]] for Adam (a) after the murder of Habil; therefore, Shayth (a) was known as Hibat Allah (gift of Allah). | ||
Shayth (a) was the vicegerent of Adam (a) and the prophet after him. He had several tablets from God. He had four children, the first one of whom was | Shayth (a) was the vicegerent of Adam (a) and the prophet after him. He had several tablets from God. He had four children, the first one of whom was Enos (a). | ||
According to historians, the lineage of Adam (a) continued through Shayth (a). Shayth (a) lived 912 years and his burial place is mentioned to be in [[Abu Qubays Mountain]]. In [[Baalbek]] region in the east of [[Lebanon]], there is a town called Nabi Shayth (a), where there is a great tomb attributed to Shayth (a). | According to historians, the lineage of Adam (a) continued through Shayth (a). Shayth (a) lived 912 years and his burial place is mentioned to be in [[Abu Qubays Mountain]]. In [[Baalbek]] region in the east of [[Lebanon]], there is a town called Nabi Shayth (a), where there is a great tomb attributed to Shayth (a). | ||
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== Life == | == Life == | ||
Shayth (a) was the third son of Adam (a) and the younger brother of Habil and Qabil. Based on historical reports, after the griefs and complaints of Adam (a) about Habil's murder, God gave him a son called Shayth (a) instead of Habil.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 166.</ref> Thus, his epithet is "Hibat Allah" (gift of Allah). He was born when Adam (a) was 130 years old.<ref>Genesis, 4:25-26; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 95.</ref> | Shayth (a) was the third son of Adam (a) and the younger brother of Habil and Qabil. Based on historical reports, after the griefs and complaints of Adam (a) about Habil's murder, God gave him a son called Shayth (a) instead of Habil.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 166.</ref> Thus, his epithet is "Hibat Allah" (gift of Allah). He was born when Adam (a) was 130 years old.<ref>Genesis, 4:25-26; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 95.</ref> | ||
Like other children of Adam (a) and Eve, Shayth (a) was born together with his twin sister whose name was | Like other children of Adam (a) and Eve, Shayth (a) was born together with his twin sister whose name was Azura.<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', vol. 1, p. 218.</ref> However, based on some sources, he was born alone.<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 2, p. 382.</ref> | ||
=== Marriage and Children === | === Marriage and Children === | ||
Historical sources considered Shayth's (a) wife a [[houri]], the [[marriage]] of the two was due to the request of [[Adam (a)]]. The result of this marriage was four children, the first of whom was | Historical sources considered Shayth's (a) wife a [[houri]], the [[marriage]] of the two was due to the request of [[Adam (a)]]. The result of this marriage was four children, the first of whom was Enos (a), who became Shayth's (a) vicegerent.<ref>Dāwarpanāh, ''Anwār al-ʿirfān'', vol. 8, p. 13; Ḥusaynī Hamidānī, ''Anwār-i dirakhshān'', vol. 3, p. 325.</ref> Shayth (a) was 105 when Enos (a) was born.<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 101.</ref> | ||
Some sources have spoken about the marriage of Shayth (a) with Iqlima (Eklima), [[Qabil]]'s sister.<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 2, p. 386; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr'', vol. 1, p. 385.</ref> | Some sources have spoken about the marriage of Shayth (a) with Iqlima (Eklima), [[Qabil]]'s sister.<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 2, p. 386; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr'', vol. 1, p. 385.</ref> | ||
=== Continuation of Human's Lineage === | === Continuation of Human's Lineage === | ||
An attribute of Shayth (a) is that the human's lineage reaches back to him; as the children and descendants of Qabil were all lost.<ref>Sharaf al-Dīn, ''al-Mawsūʿa al-Qurʾānīyya'', vol. 2, p. 140.</ref> Based on historical sources, Qabil's family committed | An attribute of Shayth (a) is that the human's lineage reaches back to him; as the children and descendants of Qabil were all lost.<ref>Sharaf al-Dīn, ''al-Mawsūʿa al-Qurʾānīyya'', vol. 2, p. 140.</ref> Based on historical sources, Qabil's family committed [[sin]]s such as [[adultery]], drinking alcohol, [[fire-worship]] and using the instruments of play and dissipation and were perished by the [[storm of Noah (a)]] and only the family of Shayth (a) survived.<ref>Thaʿlabī, ''Tafsīr al-Thaʿlabī'', vol. 4, p. 53; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 3, p. 287.</ref> | ||
== Adam's (a) Succession and Prophethood == | == Adam's (a) Succession and Prophethood == | ||
By the order of [[God]], Shayth (a) became the successor of Adam<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 63, 231.</ref> (a) and | By the order of [[God]], Shayth (a) became the successor of Adam<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 63, 231.</ref> (a) and was given all the knowledge Adam (a).<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 63, 229.</ref> After Adam (a) passed away, Shayth (a) reached [[prophethood]]<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 99.</ref> and began his leadership and governance among people. Shayth (a) administered Adam's (a) principles, including the rules and [[punishment]]s of the corrupt and ordered people to [[taqwa|piety]] and good deeds.<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 64-65.</ref> | ||
In order that Shayth (a) does not end in the same destiny as of Habil because of Qabil's [[envy]], Adam (a) advised Shayth (a) to conceal his knowledge and position from [[Qabil]].<ref>Malikī Mīyānjī, ''Manāhij al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref> Therefore, Shayth (a) practiced [[taqiyya]] (dissimulation) for a while.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Ṭabarī'', vol. 2, p. 399.</ref> There are also reports mentioning the threatening of Shayth (a) by Qabil after Shayth (a) was chosen as Adam's (a) successor.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', vol. 1, p. 104.</ref> | In order that Shayth (a) does not end in the same destiny as of Habil because of Qabil's [[envy]], Adam (a) advised Shayth (a) to conceal his knowledge and position from [[Qabil]].<ref>Malikī Mīyānjī, ''Manāhij al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref> Therefore, Shayth (a) practiced [[taqiyya]] (dissimulation) for a while.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Ṭabarī'', vol. 2, p. 399.</ref> There are also reports mentioning the threatening of Shayth (a) by Qabil after Shayth (a) was chosen as Adam's (a) successor.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', vol. 1, p. 104.</ref> | ||
It is transmitted from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that when [[Adam (a)]] passed away, Shayth (a) asked angel [[Gabriel]] to lead the prayer upon Adam's body. Gabriel said, "God ordered us to [[prostrate]] to your father and we do not get ahead of his righteous children and you are the best of his children."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 1, p. 163.</ref> | It is transmitted from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that when [[Adam (a)]] passed away, Shayth (a) asked angel [[Gabriel]] to lead the [[prayer]] upon Adam's body. Gabriel said, "God ordered us to [[prostrate]] to your father and we do not get ahead of his righteous children and you are the best of his children."<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 1, p. 163.</ref> | ||
== Tablets of Shayth (a) == | == Tablets of Shayth (a) == | ||
Like Adam (a) and other prophets, Shayth (a) had several tablets from [[God]]. | Like Adam (a) and other [[prophets]], Shayth (a) had several tablets from [[God]]. Fifty is the highest number, sources have mentioned for the number of the tablets of Shayth (a).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Ṭabarī'', vol. 2, p. 399.</ref> | ||
[[Mecca]] is mentioned as the place Shayth (a) lived and preached.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Kāmil tārīkh buzurg-i Islām wa Iran'', vol. 1, p. 230.</ref> During his prophethood, he was in contact with Gabriel and other [[angels]].<ref>Jurjānī, ''Darj al-durar'', vol. 1, p. 662.</ref> Based on some reports, he was the first person who invented writing.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 99.</ref> | [[Mecca]] is mentioned as the place Shayth (a) lived and preached.<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''Kāmil tārīkh buzurg-i Islām wa Iran'', vol. 1, p. 230.</ref> During his [[prophethood]], he was in contact with Gabriel and other [[angels]].<ref>Jurjānī, ''Darj al-durar'', vol. 1, p. 662.</ref> Based on some reports, he was the first person who invented writing.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 99.</ref> | ||
== Demise and Burial Place == | == Demise and Burial Place == | ||
[[File: قبر حضرت شیث در بعلبک.jpg|280px|thumbnail|right|Attributed shrine to | [[File: قبر حضرت شیث در بعلبک.jpg|280px|thumbnail|right|Attributed shrine to Shayth (a) in [[Baalbek]], eastern [[Lebanon]]]] | ||
[[Al-Tabari]] mentioned his lifetime 930 years,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 62.</ref> but other sources mentioned his lifespan 912 years.<ref>Ibn al-ʿIbarī, ''Mukhtaṣar tārīkh al-duwal'', p. 4.</ref> Some sources considered Shayth's (a) burial place, a cave in [[Abu Qubays Mountain]], where Adam (a) and Eve are buried.<ref>Bīāzār Shīrāzī, ''Bāstān shināsī'', p. 244.</ref> However, in Nabi Chit town in [[Baalbek]] region, east of [[Lebanon]], there is a grave attributed to Prophet Shayth (a). In [[Mosul]], north of [[Iraq]], too, there is a grave attributed to Shayth (a), which was demolished by [[ISIS]] in 2014. | [[Al-Tabari]] mentioned his lifetime 930 years,<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tarjuma-yi tafsīr-i Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 62.</ref> but other sources mentioned his lifespan 912 years.<ref>Ibn al-ʿIbarī, ''Mukhtaṣar tārīkh al-duwal'', p. 4.</ref> Some sources considered Shayth's (a) burial place, a cave in [[Abu Qubays Mountain]], where Adam (a) and Eve are buried.<ref>Bīāzār Shīrāzī, ''Bāstān shināsī'', p. 244.</ref> However, in Nabi Chit town in [[Baalbek]] region, east of [[Lebanon]], there is a grave attributed to Prophet Shayth (a). In [[Mosul]], north of [[Iraq]], too, there is a grave attributed to Shayth (a), which was demolished by [[ISIS]] in 2014. | ||
== Vicegerent == | == Vicegerent == | ||
Upon his death, Shayth (a) appointed his son, | Upon his death, Shayth (a) appointed his son, Enos (a) as his vicegerent.<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 1, p. 230.</ref> He advised Enos (a) to have [[God-wariness]] and asked him to order his people to God-wariness and good [[worship]].<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 3, p. 332.</ref> Also before his demise, Shayth (a) asked his household to swear not to marry the children of [[Qabil]].<ref>ʿAskarī, ''ʿAqāʾid-i Islām'', vol. 1, p. 230.</ref> | ||
== | == Sabians' Belief == | ||
Some [[Sabians]] consider their holy book, the tablets of Shayth (a).<ref>Maydānī, ''Maʿārij al-tafakkur'', vol. 7, p. 546.</ref> Some historians believe that Sabians are from Syriac people, the most ancient religion on earth who claim that their lineage reaches back to Sabi', a child of Shayth (a).<ref>Maydānī, ''Maʿārij al-tafakkur'', vol. 7, p. 546.</ref> | Some [[Sabians]] consider their holy book, the tablets of Shayth (a).<ref>Maydānī, ''Maʿārij al-tafakkur'', vol. 7, p. 546.</ref> Some historians believe that Sabians are from Syriac people, the most ancient religion on earth who claim that their lineage reaches back to Sabi', a child of Shayth (a).<ref>Maydānī, ''Maʿārij al-tafakkur'', vol. 7, p. 546.</ref> | ||