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Al-Hadi al-'Abbasi: Difference between revisions
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'''Musa b. Mahdi b. Mansur''' titled as '''Hadi 'Abbasi''' ([[145]]–[[170]] / 762-787 ) was the fourth [[Abbasid]] [[caliph]]. | {{Infobox Ruler | ||
| title = Al-Hadi al-'Abbasi | |||
| image = | |||
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| Name = Musa b. Mahdi b. Mansur | |||
| Kunya = | |||
| Epithet = al-Hadi al-'Abbasi | |||
| Birth = [[145]]/ | |||
| Death = [[170]]/ | |||
| Father =Al-Mahdi al-'Abbasi | |||
| Mother = | |||
| Children = | |||
| Spouse(s) = | |||
| Religion = | |||
| Burial Place = <!--also use {{coord| |N| |E|display=inline}}--> | |||
| Dynasty = Abbasids | |||
| Area of Governance = | |||
| Reign = | |||
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| Remnants = | |||
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}} | |||
'''Musa b. Mahdi b. Mansur''' titled as '''al-Hadi al-'Abbasi''' ([[145]]–[[170]] / 762-787 ) was the fourth [[Abbasid]] [[caliph]]. | |||
al-Hadi al-'Abbasi ruled about 14 months. During his rule, [['Alids]] were under surveillance and their allowances were cut. During the rule of al-Hadi al-'Abbasi, [[Sahib Fakhkh]] made an uprising in [[Medina]] which was suppressed by him. He considered [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] the main cause of provoking 'Alids in the [[Uprising of Fakhkh]]; and thus, he decided to kill Imam al-Kazim (a), but he died before committing that. | |||
al-Hadi al-'Abbasi wanted to appoint his small son (Ja'far) as the crown prince instead of Harun, but he could not. He followed the policy of his father, [[Mahdi 'Abbasi]] in standing against [[Zanadiqa]] and killed many of them. After him, his brother [[Harun al-Rashid]] reached caliphate. | |||
== Life == | == Life == | ||
Musa b. Mahdi b. Mansur b. Muhammad b. Ali b. 'Abbas titled as Hadi was the fourth [['Abbasid]] [[caliph]]. His [[kunya]] was Abu Ja'far or Abu Muhammad and was born of a female servant called Khayzaran. He reached the caliphate at the age of 25 in [[Muharram]] [[169]]/786. He was the youngest caliph until that time. | Musa b. Mahdi b. Mansur b. Muhammad b. Ali b. 'Abbas titled as Hadi was the fourth [['Abbasid]] [[caliph]]. His [[kunya]] was Abu Ja'far or Abu Muhammad and was born of a female servant called Khayzaran. He reached the caliphate at the age of 25 in [[Muharram]] [[169]]/786. He was the youngest caliph until that time. | ||
He was very dear to his father and was appointed as the first crown prince by his father at the age of 16 and was chosen as the leader of the army. Toward the end of his life, Mahdi decided to replaced Hadi with his other son, Harun, but he died before doing so. At the time of Mahdi's death, Hadi was in Jorjan and was fighting with the people of [[Tabaristan]]; therefore, his brother Harun gave [[allegiance]] to him at the very same day of Mahdi's death and took the allegiance of the great Abbasid chiefs and commanders of the army for him. | He was very dear to his father and was appointed as the first crown prince by his father at the age of 16 and was chosen as the leader of the army. Toward the end of his life, Mahdi decided to replaced Hadi with his other son, Harun, but he died before doing so. At the time of Mahdi's death, Hadi was in Jorjan and was fighting with the people of [[Tabaristan]]; therefore, his brother Harun gave [[allegiance]] to him at the very same day of Mahdi's death and took the allegiance of the great Abbasid chiefs and commanders of the army for him. | ||
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== Encounter with 'Alids == | == Encounter with 'Alids == | ||
Hadi 'Abbasi was harsh on 'Allawis and treated them cruelly. He cut all their allowances which were assigned for them at the time of Mahdi 'Abbasi. [[Abu al-Faraj Isfahani]] mentioned these actions because of the fear from 'Alids' uprising against Hadi. | al-Hadi al-'Abbasi was harsh on 'Allawis and treated them cruelly. He cut all their allowances which were assigned for them at the time of Mahdi 'Abbasi. [[Abu al-Faraj Isfahani]] mentioned these actions because of the fear from 'Alids' uprising against Hadi. | ||
He ordered his agents to watch all 'Alids' activities, put some spies among them and made an order about them through his agents to go to Dar al-Imara and register their presence. | He ordered his agents to watch all 'Alids' activities, put some spies among them and made an order about them through his agents to go to Dar al-Imara and register their presence. | ||
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== Suppression of the Uprising of the Martyr of Fakhkh == | == Suppression of the Uprising of the Martyr of Fakhkh == | ||
{{main|Uprising of the Martyr of Fakhkh}} | {{main|Uprising of the Martyr of Fakhkh}} | ||
In the first days of Hadi 'Abbasi's government, 'Alids of Hijaz led by Husayn b. Ali b. Hasan made an uprising in [[Medina]] and were heavily defeated by the government. In this battle, many of 'Alids and Husayn's companions were killed. Hadi's harsh encounter made the situation in [[Hijaz]] difficult for 'Alids. To free from this situation, they turned to one of the chiefs of 'Alids known as Ali b. Husayn b. Hasan and urged him to make an uprising. However, some believe that he looked for an opportunity to take the power since many years ago, considered it among the rights of 'Alids and looked for an opportunity to make an uprising; and that the oppression of Hadi toward 'Alids gave him the opportunity for uprising. In any case, he found the opportunity to make an uprising and began his movement in 169/786. He first took over Medina and released the prisoners and imprisoned Abbasid agents and made [[Masjid al-Nabi]] his command center. Then, he moved toward [[Mecca]] and camped in a valley called Fakh, six mils from Mecca. People of Mecca did not accept his invitation. At that time, Abbasid army led by 'Isa b. Musa arrived in the region and after engaging in a battle, Husayn and his companions were defeated and killed. This event became famous as the [[event of Fakh]] in the history and Husayn became known as [[Shahid Fakhkh]] (the martyr of Fakhkh) or [[Sahib Fakhkh]]. After the [[event of Karbala]], this event was considered the most heart-wrenching events for 'Alids and many laments were composed about it. | In the first days of al-Hadi al-'Abbasi's government, 'Alids of Hijaz led by Husayn b. Ali b. Hasan made an uprising in [[Medina]] and were heavily defeated by the government. In this battle, many of 'Alids and Husayn's companions were killed. Hadi's harsh encounter made the situation in [[Hijaz]] difficult for 'Alids. To free from this situation, they turned to one of the chiefs of 'Alids known as Ali b. Husayn b. Hasan and urged him to make an uprising. However, some believe that he looked for an opportunity to take the power since many years ago, considered it among the rights of 'Alids and looked for an opportunity to make an uprising; and that the oppression of Hadi toward 'Alids gave him the opportunity for uprising. In any case, he found the opportunity to make an uprising and began his movement in 169/786. He first took over Medina and released the prisoners and imprisoned Abbasid agents and made [[Masjid al-Nabi]] his command center. Then, he moved toward [[Mecca]] and camped in a valley called Fakh, six mils from Mecca. People of Mecca did not accept his invitation. At that time, Abbasid army led by 'Isa b. Musa arrived in the region and after engaging in a battle, Husayn and his companions were defeated and killed. This event became famous as the [[event of Fakh]] in the history and Husayn became known as [[Shahid Fakhkh]] (the martyr of Fakhkh) or [[Sahib Fakhkh]]. After the [[event of Karbala]], this event was considered the most heart-wrenching events for 'Alids and many laments were composed about it. | ||
== Treating Imam al-Kazim (a) == | == Treating Imam al-Kazim (a) == | ||
After the event of Fakhkh, Hadi 'Abbasi accused [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] of provoking revolutionaries and considered him the chief blameworthy person for the uprising of 'Alids in the event of Fakhkh. So, he was very angry and decided to arrest and kill Imam (a), but he died before he could implement his decision. | After the event of Fakhkh, al-Hadi al-'Abbasi accused [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] of provoking revolutionaries and considered him the chief blameworthy person for the uprising of 'Alids in the event of Fakhkh. So, he was very angry and decided to arrest and kill Imam (a), but he died before he could implement his decision. | ||
== Continuing the Policy of Standing against Zanadiqa == | == Continuing the Policy of Standing against Zanadiqa == | ||