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Al-Hadi al-'Abbasi: Difference between revisions
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| Kunya = Abu Ja'far or Abu Muhammad | | Kunya = Abu Ja'far or Abu Muhammad | ||
| Epithet = al-Hadi al-'Abbasi | | Epithet = al-Hadi al-'Abbasi | ||
| Birth = [[145]]/762 | | Birth = [[145]]/762-3 | ||
| Death = [[170]]/786 | | Death = [[170]]/786-7 | ||
| Father = [[Al-Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] | | Father = [[Al-Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] | ||
| Mother = | | Mother = | ||
| Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
| Successor = [[Harun al-Rashid]] | | Successor = [[Harun al-Rashid]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Mūsā b. Mahdi b. Manṣūr''' titled as '''al-Hādi al-'Abbāsi''' (b. [[145]]/762 - d. [[170]]/786) was the fourth [[Abbasid]] [[caliph]]. Al-Hadi al-'Abbasi ruled about 14 months. During his rule, [['Alids]] were under surveillance and their allowances were cut. During the rule of al-Hadi al-'Abbasi, [[Sahib Fakhkh]] made an uprising in [[Medina]] which was suppressed by him. He considered [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] the main cause of provoking 'Alids in the [[Uprising of Fakhkh]]; and thus, he decided to kill Imam al-Kazim (a), but he died before committing that. | '''Mūsā b. Mahdi b. Manṣūr''' titled as '''al-Hādi al-'Abbāsi''' (b. [[145]]/762-3 - d. [[170]]/786-7) was the fourth [[Abbasid]] [[caliph]]. Al-Hadi al-'Abbasi ruled about 14 months. During his rule, [['Alids]] were under surveillance and their allowances were cut. During the rule of al-Hadi al-'Abbasi, [[Sahib Fakhkh]] made an uprising in [[Medina]] which was suppressed by him. He considered [[Imam al-Kazim (a)]] the main cause of provoking 'Alids in the [[Uprising of Fakhkh]]; and thus, he decided to kill Imam al-Kazim (a), but he died before committing that. | ||
Al-Hadi al-'Abbasi wanted to appoint his small son (Ja'far) as the crown prince instead of [[Harun al-Rashid]], but he could not. He followed the policy of his father, [[al-Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] in standing against [[Zindiqs]] (non believers) and killed many of them. After him, his brother Harun al-Rashid acceded to [[caliphate]]. | Al-Hadi al-'Abbasi wanted to appoint his small son (Ja'far) as the crown prince instead of [[Harun al-Rashid]], but he could not. He followed the policy of his father, [[al-Mahdi al-'Abbasi]] in standing against [[Zindiqs]] (non believers) and killed many of them. After him, his brother Harun al-Rashid acceded to [[caliphate]]. | ||
== Life == | == Life == | ||
Musa b. Mahdi b. Mansur b. Muhammad b. Ali b. 'Abbas titled as al-Hadi was the fourth [['Abbasid]] [[caliph]]. His teknonym ([[kunya]]) was Abu Ja'far<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa l-Ishrāf'', p. 297.</ref> or Abu Muhammad<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil'', vol. 6, p. 101; Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 381.</ref> and was born of a female servant called Khayzaran.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 324.</ref> He acceded to caliphate at the age of 25 in [[Muharram]] [[169]]/ | Musa b. Mahdi b. Mansur b. Muhammad b. Ali b. 'Abbas titled as al-Hadi was the fourth [['Abbasid]] [[caliph]]. His teknonym ([[kunya]]) was Abu Ja'far<ref>Masʿūdī, ''al-Tanbīh wa l-Ishrāf'', p. 297.</ref> or Abu Muhammad<ref>Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil'', vol. 6, p. 101; Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 381.</ref> and was born of a female servant called Khayzaran.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 324.</ref> He acceded to caliphate at the age of 25 in [[Muharram]] [[169]]/July-August 785.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 157.</ref> He was the youngest caliph until that time.<ref>Ṭaqūsh, ''Dawlat-i ʿabbāsīyān'', p. 91.</ref> | ||
He was very dear to his father<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 159.</ref> and was appointed as the first crown prince by his father at the age of 16 and was chosen as the leader of the army.<ref>Khiḍrī, ''Tārīkh-i khalāfat-i ʿabbāsīyān'', p. 51.</ref> Toward the end of his life, al-Mahdi decided to replace al-Hadi with his other son, Harun, but he died before doing so.<ref>Ṭaqūsh, ''Dawlat-i ʿabbāsīyān'', p. 91.</ref> At the time of Mahdi's death, al-Hadi was in [[Jurjan]]<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 380; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 157.</ref> and was fighting with the people of [[Tabaristan]];<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 8, p. 187; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 6, p. 87.</ref> therefore, his brother Harun gave [[allegiance]] to him at the very same day of al-Mahdi's death<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', vol. 8, p. 305.</ref> and took the allegiance of the great Abbasid chiefs and commanders of the army for him.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 324; Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 404.</ref> | He was very dear to his father<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 159.</ref> and was appointed as the first crown prince by his father at the age of 16 and was chosen as the leader of the army.<ref>Khiḍrī, ''Tārīkh-i khalāfat-i ʿabbāsīyān'', p. 51.</ref> Toward the end of his life, al-Mahdi decided to replace al-Hadi with his other son, Harun, but he died before doing so.<ref>Ṭaqūsh, ''Dawlat-i ʿabbāsīyān'', p. 91.</ref> At the time of Mahdi's death, al-Hadi was in [[Jurjan]]<ref>Ibn Qutayba, ''al-Maʿārif'', p. 380; Ibn Kathīr, ''al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 10, p. 157.</ref> and was fighting with the people of [[Tabaristan]];<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 8, p. 187; Ibn Athīr, ''al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 6, p. 87.</ref> therefore, his brother Harun gave [[allegiance]] to him at the very same day of al-Mahdi's death<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''al-Muntaẓam'', vol. 8, p. 305.</ref> and took the allegiance of the great Abbasid chiefs and commanders of the army for him.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 324; Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 404.</ref> | ||