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Fatima bt. Asad (a): Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox person | |||
| title =Fatima bt. Asad | |||
| image =Begotten in Kaaba.jpg | |||
| image size = | |||
| caption =Fatima bt. Asad after delivering his son, [['Ali (a)]], exiting from [[Ka'ba]] | |||
| Full Name =Fatima bt. Asad b. Hashim | |||
| Nickname = | |||
| [[Kunya]] = | |||
| Epithet = | |||
| Lineage = [[Banu Hashim]] | |||
| Wellknown Relatives = [[Imam Ali (a)]], [[Abu Talib]] | |||
| Birth = 55 before [[Hijra]]/568 | |||
| Home Town = [[Mecca]] | |||
| Death/Martyrdom= [[4]] AH/626 | |||
| Cause of Death/Martyrdom = | |||
| Burial Place = [[Baqi' Cemetery]], [[Medina]] | |||
| Era = Early Islam | |||
| Known for = Mother of Imam Ali (a) | |||
| Professors = | |||
| Students = | |||
| Notable roles = 2nd woman who became Muslim | |||
| Works = | |||
| Activities = | |||
}} | |||
'''Faṭima bt. Asad b. Hāshim b. ʿAbd Manāf''' (فاطمة بنت أسد بن هاشم بن عبدمناف) (b. 55 BH/568 – d. [[4]] AH/626) was the mother of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and the wife of [[Abu Talib]]. Her mother was Fatima bt. Heram b. Rawaha. Fatima bt. Asad was the eleventh person, and only the second woman, to become a Muslim. | |||
'''Faṭima | |||
==Guardianship of the Prophet (s)== | ==Guardianship of the Prophet (s)== | ||
{{Timeline of Imam 'Ali's (a) life}} | {{Timeline of Imam 'Ali's (a) life}} | ||
{{Quote box | {{Quote box | ||
|quote = <small>'''After the demise of Fatima | |quote = <small>'''After the demise of Fatima bt.Asad, [[the Prophet (s)]] said''': "She was truly my mother, for she fed me with her children hungry, and she bathed and neatened me while her children were dusty. She was truly my mother".</small> | ||
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|tstyle = text-align: left; | |tstyle = text-align: left; | ||
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}} | }} | ||
Due to the successive deaths of his father, mother, and grandfather, the guardianship of the [[Prophet of Islam (s)]] was taken over by [[Abu Talib]] (his uncle) at the age of eight. Fatima | Due to the successive deaths of his father, mother, and grandfather, the guardianship of the [[Prophet of Islam (s)]] was taken over by [[Abu Talib]] (his uncle) at the age of eight. Fatima bt.Asad - being Abu Talib's wife - played a crucial role in his care. | ||
Her deep affection for the Prophet (s) is evident from his reaction to her death: "Today my mother passed away", he said, and then shrouded her in his dress and lay down in her grave. When he was told: "O Prophet of Allah! You have become so impatient with her loss!", he answered, "She was truly my mother, for she fed me with her children hungry, and she bathed and neatened me while her children were dusty. She was truly my mother".<ref>Farsi translation of tarikh-i ya'qubi, PP. 368-9</ref> | Her deep affection for the Prophet (s) is evident from his reaction to her death: "Today my mother passed away", he said, and then shrouded her in his dress and lay down in her grave. When he was told: "O Prophet of Allah! You have become so impatient with her loss!", he answered, "She was truly my mother, for she fed me with her children hungry, and she bathed and neatened me while her children were dusty. She was truly my mother".<ref>Farsi translation of tarikh-i ya'qubi, PP. 368-9</ref> | ||
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===The first woman to perform the Hijra (Migration) to Medina on foot=== | ===The first woman to perform the Hijra (Migration) to Medina on foot=== | ||
Fatima | Fatima bt. Asad accompanied [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] in the migration from Mecca to [[Medina]]. It is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that "Fatima bt. Asad, the mother of the [[Commander of the Faithful]] (a), was the first woman to migrate from [[Mecca]] to Medina on foot to join the Prophet (s). She was of the most compassionate people to the Prophet of Allah (s)".<ref>Kulayni, Vol.1, P.422</ref> | ||
===The first woman who swore an allegiance to the Prophet (s)=== | ===The first woman who swore an allegiance to the Prophet (s)=== | ||
When the [[Muslims conquered Mecca]], as the Prophet (s) was asking the men for their allegiance on [[Safa Mountain]], faithful women of Mecca also came to pledge their allegiance. [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid]] states that Fatima | When the [[Muslims conquered Mecca]], as the Prophet (s) was asking the men for their allegiance on [[Safa Mountain]], faithful women of Mecca also came to pledge their allegiance. [[Ibn Abi al-Hadid]] states that Fatima bt.Asad was the first woman who swore allegiance to the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Vol.1, P.14</ref> This is when verse 12 of [[Sura al-Mumtahana]] was revealed: | ||
:::"O Prophet! If faithful women come to you to take the oath of allegiance to you, pledging that they shall not ascribe any partners to Allah, that they shall not steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor utter any slander that they may have intentionally fabricated, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their allegiance, and plead for them to Allah for forgiveness. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful". | :::"O Prophet! If faithful women come to you to take the oath of allegiance to you, pledging that they shall not ascribe any partners to Allah, that they shall not steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor utter any slander that they may have intentionally fabricated, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their allegiance, and plead for them to Allah for forgiveness. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful". | ||
[[Ibn 'Abbas]] says: "This verse was revealed regarding Fatima | [[Ibn 'Abbas]] says: "This verse was revealed regarding Fatima bt.Asad".<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Vol.1, P.14</ref> | ||
==Children== | ==Children== | ||
Fatima | Fatima bt.Asad was the mother of eight children: [[Talib b. Abi Talib|Talib]], [['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]], [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]], [['Ali (a)]], [[Hind bt. Abi Talib|Hind]] (or [[Um Hani]]), [[Jamana bt. Abi Talib|Jamana]], [[Rayta bt. Abi Talib|Rayta]] (or Um Talib), and [[Asma' bt. Abi Talib|Asma']]. | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
[[File:Fatima | [[File:Fatima bt.Asad's grave.jpg|thumbnail|The grave of Fatima bt. Asad beside the graves of [[Imams of Baqi']], in [[Baqi' Cemetery]], [[Medina]]; the one which is far is her grave]] | ||
It is said that Fatima | It is said that Fatima bt. Asad died in 4/626 in [[Medina]];<ref>Ibn Jawzi, Yusuf b. Hisam al-Din, ''Tadhkirat al-kawas'', Qahira: Maktaba al-Thiqafa al-Diniyya, p. 6.</ref> however, this cannot be accurate if she was the first woman who swore an allegiance to the Prophet (s) after the Conquest of Mecca in 8/630. | ||
After her death, the [[Prophet (s)]] shrouded her in his dress and said: "[[Gabriel]] informed me that she is of the people of heaven, and Allah commanded seventy thousand angels to say prayer on her body".<ref>al-Hakim al-Nishapuri,Vol.3, P.108</ref> Then he recited the [[funeral prayer]] for her and participated in her funeral until they arrived at [[Baqi' cemetery]]. The Prophet (s) entered her grave and lay down in it, then stood up and held her body and laid it in the grave. | After her death, the [[Prophet (s)]] shrouded her in his dress and said: "[[Gabriel]] informed me that she is of the people of heaven, and Allah commanded seventy thousand angels to say prayer on her body".<ref>al-Hakim al-Nishapuri,Vol.3, P.108</ref> Then he recited the [[funeral prayer]] for her and participated in her funeral until they arrived at [[Baqi' cemetery]]. The Prophet (s) entered her grave and lay down in it, then stood up and held her body and laid it in the grave. | ||