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Fatima bt. Asad (a): Difference between revisions
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{{about|the mother of Imam 'Ali (a)|other people named Fatima|Fatima (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{about| | |||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = <!--default is the page name--> | | name = <!--default is the page name--> | ||
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| image = Begotten in Kaaba.jpg | | image = Begotten in Kaaba.jpg | ||
| image_size = | | image_size = | ||
| caption | | caption = Fatima bt. Asad after delivering his son, [['Ali (a)]], exiting from [[Ka'ba]], painting by [[Mahmud Farshchiyan]] | ||
| Full Name | | Full Name = | ||
| Kunya = | | Kunya = | ||
| Epithet = | | Epithet = | ||
| Well Known As = | | Well Known As = | ||
| Religious Affiliation = Islam | | Religious Affiliation = Islam | ||
| Lineage | | Lineage = [[Banu Hashim]] | ||
| Wellknown Relatives | | Wellknown Relatives = [[Imam Ali (a)]] (son), [[Abu Talib]] (husband) | ||
| Birth = 55 before [[Hijra]]/ | | Birth = 55 before [[Hijra]]/569-70 | ||
| Place of Birth = [[Mecca]] | | Place of Birth = [[Mecca]] | ||
| Places of Residence = <!--if there is more than one place of residence--> | | Places of Residence = <!--if there is more than one place of residence--> | ||
| Place of Residence = Mecca | | Place of Residence = Mecca | ||
| Death/Martyrdom = [[4]] | | Death/Martyrdom = [[4]]/626 | ||
| Cause of Death/Martyrdom = | | Cause of Death/Martyrdom = | ||
| Burial Place = [[Al-Baqi' Cemetery]], [[Medina]] | | Burial Place = [[Al-Baqi' Cemetery]], [[Medina]] | ||
| Era = Early Islam | | Era = Early Islam | ||
| Known for = Mother of Imam Ali (a); the second female | | Known for = Mother of Imam Ali (a); the second female Muslim | ||
| Professors = | | Professors = | ||
| Students = | | Students = | ||
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}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Fāṭima bt. Asad b. Hāshim b. ʿAbd Manāf''' (Arabic: {{iarabic|فاطمة بنت أسد بن هاشم بن عبدمناف}}) (b. 55 BH/569-70 – d. [[4]] AH/626) was the mother of [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] and the wife of [[Abu Talib]]. Fatima bt. Asad was the eleventh person, and the second woman, to have converted to Islam. There are narrations from the Prophet (s) about her that show the great position of Fatima bt. Asad. Her grave is in [[al-Baqi' Cemetery]]. | ||
==Children== | |||
Fatima bt.Asad was the mother of eight children: [[Talib b. Abi Talib|Talib]], [['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]], [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]], [['Ali (a)]], [[Hind bt. Abi Talib|Hind]] (or [[Umm Hani]]), [[Jumana bt. Abi Talib|Jumana]], [[Rayta bt. Abi Talib|Rayta]] (or Umm Talib), and [[Asma' bt. Abi Talib|Asma']]. | |||
==Guardianship of the Prophet (s)== | ==Guardianship of the Prophet (s)== | ||
Due to the successive deaths of his father, mother, and grandfather, the guardianship of the [[Prophet of Islam (s)]] was taken over by [[Abu Talib]] (his uncle) at the age of eight. Fatima bt. Asad -being Abu Talib's wife- played a crucial role in his care. | |||
Her deep affection for the Prophet (s) is evident from his reaction to her death: "Today my mother passed away", he said, and then shrouded her in his dress and lay down in her grave. When he was told: "O Prophet of Allah! You have become so impatient with her loss!", he answered, "She was truly my mother, she would feed me when her children were hungry and she would leave her children dirty and clean me".<ref>''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, vol. 2, p. 14</ref> | |||
Her deep affection for the Prophet (s) is evident from his reaction to her death: "Today my mother passed away", he said, and then shrouded her in his dress and lay down in her grave. When he was told: "O Prophet of Allah! You have become so impatient with her loss!", he answered, "She was truly my mother".<ref> | |||
==Delivering Her Child Inside the Ka'ba== | ==Delivering Her Child Inside the Ka'ba== | ||
{{Main|Birth of Imam 'Ali (a)}} | {{Main|Birth of Imam 'Ali (a)}} | ||
As Fatima felt the labor pains for her child [[ | She was the only woman to deliver her baby inside [[Ka'ba]]. As Fatima felt the labor pains for her child [['Ali (a)]], she testified her faith to [[Allah]] beside the [[Ka'ba]] and prayed for an easy delivery. Suddenly, the walls of the Ka'ba split open in front of her and she entered its premises. Once she entered, the Ka'aba miraculously closed again. She stayed inside for three days and on the fourth day ([[Rajab 13]], thirty years after the [[Year of the Elephant]]), the walls opened for her once again and she came out carrying her infant 'Ali (a) in her arms. | ||
==After Islam== | ==After Islam== | ||
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===Emigration to Medina=== | ===Emigration to Medina=== | ||
Fatima bt. Asad accompanied [[ | Fatima bt. Asad accompanied [['Ali (a)]] in the migration from Mecca to [[Medina]]. It is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that "Fatima bt. Asad was the first woman to migrate from [[Mecca]] to Medina on foot to join the Prophet (s). She was of the most compassionate people to the Prophet of Allah (s)".<ref>Al-Kulayni, Vol.1, P.422</ref> | ||
===Allegiance to the Prophet (s)=== | ===Allegiance to the Prophet (s)=== | ||
After the [[conquest of Mecca]], as the Prophet (s) was asking the men for their [[allegiance]] on [[al-Safa Mountain]], faithful women of Mecca also came to pledge their allegiance. [[Ibn Abi | After the [[conquest of Mecca]], as the Prophet (s) was asking the men for their [[allegiance]] on [[al-Safa Mountain]], faithful women of Mecca also came to pledge their allegiance. [[Ibn Abi l-Hadid]] states that Fatima bt. Asad was the first woman who swore allegiance to the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Vol.1, P.14</ref> This is when verse 12 of [[Sura al-Mumtahana]] was revealed: "O Prophet! If faithful women come to you to take the oath of allegiance to you, pledging that they shall not ascribe any partners to Allah, that they shall not steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor utter any slander that they may have intentionally fabricated, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their allegiance, and plead for them to Allah for forgiveness. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful". | ||
:"O Prophet! If faithful women come to you to take the oath of allegiance to you, pledging that they shall not ascribe any partners to Allah, that they shall not steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor utter any slander that they may have intentionally fabricated, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their allegiance, and plead for them to Allah for forgiveness. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful". | |||
[[Ibn 'Abbas]] says: "This verse was revealed regarding Fatima bt.Asad".<ref>Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Vol.1, P.14</ref> | |||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
{{Quote box | {{Quote box | ||
|quote | |quote = <small>'''After the demise of Fatima bt.Asad, the [[Prophet (s)]] said''': "She was truly my mother".</small> | ||
|align = right | |align = right | ||
|tstyle = text-align: left; | |tstyle = text-align: left; | ||
| Line 68: | Line 64: | ||
|source = ''tarikh-i ya'qubi'', PP. 368-9 | |source = ''tarikh-i ya'qubi'', PP. 368-9 | ||
|qalign = left | |qalign = left | ||
|width | |width = 35% | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Map of al-Baqi'}} | {{Map of al-Baqi'}} | ||
It is said that Fatima bt. Asad died in 4/626 in [[Medina]];<ref>Ibn Jawzi, Yusuf b. Hisam al-Din, ''Tadhkirat al-kawas'', Qahira: Maktaba al-Thiqafa al-Diniyya, p. 6.</ref> however, this cannot be accurate if she was the first woman who swore an allegiance to the Prophet (s) after the Conquest of Mecca in 8/630. | It is said that Fatima bt. Asad died in 4/626 in [[Medina]];<ref>Ibn al-Jawzi, Yusuf b. Hisam al-Din, ''Tadhkirat al-kawas'', Qahira: Maktaba al-Thiqafa al-Diniyya, p. 6.</ref> however, this cannot be accurate if she was the first woman who swore an allegiance to the Prophet (s) after the [[Conquest of Mecca]] in [[8]]/630. | ||
After her death, the [[Prophet (s)]] shrouded her in his dress and said: "[[Gabriel]] informed me that she is of the people of heaven, and Allah commanded seventy thousand angels to say prayer on her body".<ref>Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi,Vol.3, P.108</ref> Then he recited the [[funeral prayer]] for her and participated in her funeral until they arrived at [[al-Baqi' cemetery]]. The Prophet (s) entered her grave and | After her death, the [[Prophet (s)]] shrouded her in his dress and said: "[[Gabriel]] informed me that she is of the people of [[heaven]], and Allah commanded seventy thousand angels to say [[Prayer of the Dead|prayer]] on her body".<ref>Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, Vol.3, P.108</ref> Then he recited the [[funeral prayer]] for her and participated in her funeral until they arrived at [[al-Baqi' cemetery]]. The Prophet (s) entered her grave and laid down in it, then stood up and held her body and laid it in the grave. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{references}} | {{references}} | ||
* Ibn Abi al-Hadid. ''Sharh nahj al-balagha''. Dar Ihya' al-Kutub al-'Arabiyya, Beirut, 1959. | |||
* Ibn Abi al-Hadid. ''Sharh nahj al-balagha''. Dar Ihya' al-Kutub al-'Arabiyya, Beirut, 1959 | * Hakim al-Naysaburi al-. ''Al-Mustadrak 'ala l-sahihayn''. Ed. 'Abd al-Salam b. Muhammad, Dar al-Ma'rafa, Beirut. | ||
* Hakim al-Naysaburi al-. ''Al-Mustadrak 'ala l-sahihayn''. Ed. 'Abd al-Salam b. Muhammad, Dar al-Ma'rafa, Beirut | * Al-Kulayni. ''Al-Kafi''. Ed. 'Ali Akbar Ghaffari. Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran. | ||
* Al-Kulayni. ''Al-Kafi''. Ed. 'Ali Akbar Ghaffari. Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, Tehran | * Al-Ya'qubi. ''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi''. Dar Sadir, Beirut. | ||
* Al-Ya'qubi. ''Tarikh Ya'qubi''. Dar Sadir, Beirut | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
{{Ahl al-Bayt's Women}} | {{Ahl al-Bayt's Women}} | ||
{{Sahaba}} | {{Sahaba}} | ||
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[[ur:حضرت فاطمہ بنت اسد]] | [[ur:حضرت فاطمہ بنت اسد]] | ||
[[id:Fatimah binti Asad]] | [[id:Fatimah binti Asad]] | ||
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[[Category:Female Sahaba]] | [[Category:Female Sahaba]] | ||