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Fatima bt. Asad (a): Difference between revisions
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==Lineage== | ==Lineage== | ||
Fatima bt. Asad was from the [[Hashemite family]]. Her lineage was recorded by biographers as Fatima bt. Asad b. [[Hashim b. Abd Manaf]]. She was raised in [[Mecca]] and married to [[Abu Talib]]. After the emergence of Islam, she migrated to [[Medina]], where she passed away. She is said to be the first Hashemite woman with a Hashemite husband. Their children were Hashemite from both sides. And she was the first Hashemite woman whose son became the [[Caliph]] of Muslims. | Fatima bt. Asad was from the [[Hashemite family]]. Her lineage was recorded by biographers as Fatima bt. Asad b. [[Hashim b. Abd Manaf]]<ref>Ibn 'Abd al-Birr, Vol.4, P.1891; Ibn Athir, Vol.6, P.217</ref>. She was raised in [[Mecca]] and married to [[Abu Talib]]. After the emergence of Islam, she migrated to [[Medina]], where she passed away. She is said to be the first Hashemite woman with a Hashemite husband. Their children were Hashemite from both sides. And she was the first Hashemite woman whose son became the [[Caliph]] of Muslims.<ref>Ibn 'Abd al-Birr, Vol.4, P.1891; al-Zirkili, Vol.5, P.130</ref> | ||
Some sources have appealed to a number of unreliable [[hadith]]s in order to show that Fatima bt. Asad did not convert to Islam until the last moments of her life. The claim is rejected by the majority of old and contemporary Islamic historical sources. On their accounts, she converted to Islam in Mecca, and then she migrated to [[Medina]]. | Some sources have appealed to a number of unreliable [[hadith]]s in order to show that Fatima bt. Asad did not convert to Islam until the last moments of her life. The claim is rejected by the majority of old and contemporary Islamic historical sources. On their accounts, she converted to Islam in Mecca, and then she migrated to [[Medina]]. | ||
==Children== | ==Children== | ||
Fatima bt. Asad was the mother of eight children: [[Talib b. Abi Talib|Talib]], [['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]], [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]], [['Ali (a)]], [[Hind bt. Abi Talib|Hind]] (or [[Umm Hani]]), [[Jumana bt. Abi Talib|Jumana]], [[Rayta bt. Abi Talib|Rayta]] (or Umm Talib), and [[Asma' bt. Abi Talib|Asma']]. | Fatima bt. Asad was the mother of eight children: [[Talib b. Abi Talib|Talib]], [['Aqil b. Abi Talib|'Aqil]], [[Ja'far b. Abi Talib|Ja'far]], [['Ali (a)]], [[Hind bt. Abi Talib|Hind]] (or [[Umm Hani]]), [[Jumana bt. Abi Talib|Jumana]], [[Rayta bt. Abi Talib|Rayta]] (or Umm Talib), and [[Asma' bt. Abi Talib|Asma']].<ref>al-Majlisi, Vol.19, P.57</ref> | ||
==Guardianship of the Prophet (s)== | ==Guardianship of the Prophet (s)== | ||
Due to the successive deaths of his father, mother, and grandfather, the guardianship of the [[Prophet of Islam (s)]] was taken over by [[Abu Talib]] (his uncle) at the age of eight. Fatima bt. Asad—being Abu Talib's wife—played a crucial role in his care. | Due to the successive deaths of his father, mother, and grandfather, the guardianship of the [[Prophet of Islam (s)]] was taken over by [[Abu Talib]] (his uncle) at the age of eight.<ref>Shahidi, P.37-38</ref> Fatima bt. Asad—being Abu Talib's wife—played a crucial role in his care. | ||
Her deep affection for the Prophet (s) is evident from his reaction to her death: "Today my mother passed away", the Prophet (s) said. Then he shrouded her in his dress and lay down in her grave (to pray for her). When he was questioned about his impatience with the demise of Fatima bt. Asad, he answered that she would prefer him to her own children and was truly like his mother.<ref>''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi, vol. 2, p. 14</ref> | Her deep affection for the Prophet (s) is evident from his reaction to her death: "Today my mother passed away", the Prophet (s) said. Then he shrouded her in his dress and lay down in her grave (to pray for her). When he was questioned about his impatience with the demise of Fatima bt. Asad, he answered that she would prefer him to her own children and was truly like his mother.<ref>''Tarikh al-Ya'qubi'', vol. 2, p. 14</ref> | ||
==Delivering Her Child Inside the Ka'ba== | ==Delivering Her Child Inside the Ka'ba== | ||
{{Main|Birth of Imam 'Ali (a)}} | {{Main|Birth of Imam 'Ali (a)}} | ||
She was the only woman to deliver her baby inside [[Ka'ba]]. As Fatima felt the labor pains for her child [['Ali (a)]], she testified her faith to [[Allah]] beside the [[Ka'ba]] and prayed for an easy delivery. Suddenly, the walls of the Ka'ba split open in front of her and she entered its premises. Once she entered, the Ka'aba miraculously closed again. She stayed inside for three days and on the fourth day ([[Rajab 13]], thirty years after the [[Year of the Elephant]]), the walls opened for her once again and she came out carrying her infant 'Ali (a) in her arms. | She was the only woman to deliver her baby inside [[Ka'ba]]. As Fatima felt the labor pains for her child [['Ali (a)]], she testified her faith to [[Allah]] beside the [[Ka'ba]] and prayed for an easy delivery.<ref>al-Kulayni, Vol.3, P.300</ref> Suddenly, the walls of the Ka'ba split open in front of her and she entered its premises. Once she entered, the Ka'aba miraculously closed again. She stayed inside for three days and on the fourth day ([[Rajab 13]], thirty years after the [[Year of the Elephant]]), the walls opened for her once again and she came out carrying her infant 'Ali (a) in her arms.<ref>al-Amini, Vol.6, P.21-23</ref> | ||
==After Islam== | ==After Islam== | ||
===Conversion to Islam=== | ===Conversion to Islam=== | ||
She was the eleventh person and the second woman (the first being [[Khadija (a)]]) to become a Muslim. | She was the eleventh person<ref>Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Vol.1, P.14</ref> and the second woman (the first being [[Khadija (a)]]) to become a Muslim. | ||
===Emigration to Medina=== | ===Emigration to Medina=== | ||
Fatima bt. Asad accompanied [['Ali (a)]] in the migration from Mecca to [[Medina]]. It is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that "Fatima bt. Asad was the first woman to migrate from [[Mecca]] to Medina on foot to join the Prophet (s). She was of the most compassionate people to the Prophet of Allah (s)".<ref>Al-Kulayni, Vol. | Fatima bt. Asad accompanied [['Ali (a)]] in the migration from Mecca to [[Medina]]. It is narrated from [[Imam al-Sadiq (a)]] that "Fatima bt. Asad was the first woman to migrate from [[Mecca]] to Medina on foot to join the Prophet (s). She was of the most compassionate people to the Prophet of Allah (s)".<ref>Al-Kulayni, Vol.2, P.302</ref> | ||
===Allegiance to the Prophet (s)=== | ===Allegiance to the Prophet (s)=== | ||
After the [[conquest of Mecca]], as the Prophet (s) was asking the men for their [[allegiance]] on [[al-Safa Mountain]], faithful women of Mecca also came to pledge their allegiance. | After the [[conquest of Mecca]], as the Prophet (s) was asking the men for their [[allegiance]] on [[al-Safa Mountain]], faithful women of Mecca also came to pledge their allegiance. This is when verse 12 of [[Sura al-Mumtahana]] was revealed: "O Prophet! If faithful women come to you to take the oath of allegiance to you, pledging that they shall not ascribe any partners to Allah, that they shall not steal, nor commit adultery, nor kill their children, nor utter any slander that they may have intentionally fabricated, nor disobey you in what is right, then accept their allegiance, and plead for them to Allah for forgiveness. Indeed Allah is all-forgiving, all-merciful". | ||
[[Ibn 'Abbas]] says: "This verse was revealed regarding Fatima bt.Asad".<ref>Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Vol.1, P.14</ref> | [[Ibn 'Abbas]] says: "This verse was revealed regarding Fatima bt.Asad".<ref>Ibn Abi l-Hadid, Vol.1, P.14</ref> [[Ibn Abi l-Hadid]] states that Fatima bt. Asad was the first woman who swore allegiance to the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Abi al-Hadid, Vol.1, P.14</ref> | ||
==Demise== | ==Demise== | ||
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It is said that Fatima bt. Asad died in 4/626 in [[Medina]];<ref>Ibn al-Jawzi, Yusuf b. Hisam al-Din, ''Tadhkirat al-kawas'', Qahira: Maktaba al-Thiqafa al-Diniyya, p. 6.</ref> however, this cannot be accurate if she was the first woman who swore an allegiance to the Prophet (s) after the [[Conquest of Mecca]] in [[8]]/630. | It is said that Fatima bt. Asad died in 4/626 in [[Medina]];<ref>Ibn al-Jawzi, Yusuf b. Hisam al-Din, ''Tadhkirat al-kawas'', Qahira: Maktaba al-Thiqafa al-Diniyya, p. 6.</ref> however, this cannot be accurate if she was the first woman who swore an allegiance to the Prophet (s) after the [[Conquest of Mecca]] in [[8]]/630. | ||
After her death, the [[Prophet (s)]] shrouded her in his dress and said: "[[Gabriel]] informed me that she is of the people of [[heaven]], and Allah commanded seventy thousand angels to say [[Prayer of the Dead|prayer]] on her body".<ref>Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, Vol.3, P.108</ref> Then he recited the [[funeral prayer]] for her and participated in her funeral until they arrived at [[al-Baqi' cemetery]]. The Prophet (s) entered her grave and laid down in it, then stood up and held her body and laid it in the grave. | After her death, the [[Prophet (s)]] shrouded her in his dress<ref>Al-Muttaqi al-Hindi, Vol.6, P.228</ref> and said: "[[Gabriel]] informed me that she is of the people of [[heaven]], and Allah commanded seventy thousand angels to say [[Prayer of the Dead|prayer]] on her body".<ref>Al-Hakim al-Naysaburi, Vol.3, P.108</ref> Then he recited the [[funeral prayer]] for her and participated in her funeral until they arrived at [[al-Baqi' cemetery]].<ref>al-Uskudari, P.94</ref> The Prophet (s) entered her grave and laid down in it, then stood up and held her body and laid it in the grave.<ref>Ibn Shabba, Vol.1, P.124</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||