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Adhan: Difference between revisions
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The practice of reciting Adhan began in the first two years after [[Hijra]], following the [[redirection of Qibla]] from [[Masjid al-'Aqsa]] to the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Abu Dawud, ''Sunan Abu Dawud''. vol. 1. 348</ref> According to [[Imamiyya]] sources, [[the Prophet (s)]] received Adhan by means of divine [[revelation]]. Archangel [[Jibra'il]] recited it for the first time during the night of [[Mi'raj]]. When he recited it once again, the [[Prophet (s)]] ordered [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] to teach it to [[Bilal b. Rabah]].<ref>al-Kulayni, Muhmmad b. Ya'qub. ''al-Kafi''. vol. 3. p. 392; al-Shaykh al-Saduq. ''Man la yahduruh al-faqih''. vol. 1. p. 183; al-Shaykh al-Tusi. ''al-Tahdhib''. vol. 2. p. 277</ref> This has also been reported in [[Isma'iliyya]]<ref>Qadi Nu'man.vol. 1. p. 143</ref> sources with slight differences. | The practice of reciting Adhan began in the first two years after [[Hijra]], following the [[redirection of Qibla]] from [[Masjid al-'Aqsa]] to the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Abu Dawud, ''Sunan Abu Dawud''. vol. 1. 348</ref> According to [[Imamiyya]] sources, [[the Prophet (s)]] received Adhan by means of divine [[revelation]]. Archangel [[Jibra'il]] recited it for the first time during the night of [[Mi'raj]]. When he recited it once again, the [[Prophet (s)]] ordered [[Imam 'Ali (a)]] to teach it to [[Bilal b. Rabah]].<ref>al-Kulayni, Muhmmad b. Ya'qub. ''al-Kafi''. vol. 3. p. 392; al-Shaykh al-Saduq. ''Man la yahduruh al-faqih''. vol. 1. p. 183; al-Shaykh al-Tusi. ''al-Tahdhib''. vol. 2. p. 277</ref> This has also been reported in [[Isma'iliyya]]<ref>Qadi Nu'man.vol. 1. p. 143</ref> sources with slight differences. | ||
=== According to | === According to Ahl al-Sunna === | ||
In some Sunni accounts, it is claimed that Adhan is man-made and not based on divine revelation. According to these reports, the Muslims first had various ways to call for prayer - and it was [['Umar]] who suggested that someone should be designated to announce the prayer time. [[The Prophet (s)]] then appointed [[Bilal b. Rabah|Bilal]] for this task.<ref>al-Bukhari, Muhammad. ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. vol. 1. p. 150; al-Muslim al-Neysaburi. ''Sahih al-muslim''. vol. 1. p. 285</ref> | In some [[Sunni]] accounts, it is claimed that Adhan is man-made and not based on divine revelation. According to these reports, the Muslims first had various ways to call for prayer - and it was [['Umar]] who suggested that someone should be designated to announce the prayer time. [[The Prophet (s)]] then appointed [[Bilal b. Rabah|Bilal]] for this task.<ref>al-Bukhari, Muhammad. ''Sahih al-Bukhari''. vol. 1. p. 150; al-Muslim al-Neysaburi. ''Sahih al-muslim''. vol. 1. p. 285</ref> | ||
According to other Sunni narrations, the Prophet (s) suggested that the Muslims, like the [[People of the Book]], should use a horn or a bell to call for prayer. Then, [['Abd Allah b. Zayd b. 'Abd Rabbih]] had a dream in which the Adhan was revealed to him. The Prophet (s) recognized it as a true dream and ordered him to teach the phrases to Bilal.<ref>Ibn Maja. ''Sunan''. vol. 1. p. 232-233; Abu Dawud, ''Sunan Abu Dawud''. vol. 1. 336-338; Tirmidhi, Muhammad. ''Sunan al-Tirmidhi''. vol. 1. p. 359; Nasa'i, Ahmad. ''Sunan al-Nasa'i''. vol. 3. p. 2-3</ref> [[Shafi'i]], however, believe Adhan has too high a position to be revealed in the dream of an individual like 'Abd Allah b. Zayd. | According to other Sunni narrations, the Prophet (s) suggested that the Muslims, like the [[People of the Book]], should use a horn or a bell to call for prayer. Then, [['Abd Allah b. Zayd b. 'Abd Rabbih]] had a dream in which the Adhan was revealed to him. The Prophet (s) recognized it as a true dream and ordered him to teach the phrases to Bilal.<ref>Ibn Maja. ''Sunan''. vol. 1. p. 232-233; Abu Dawud, ''Sunan Abu Dawud''. vol. 1. 336-338; Tirmidhi, Muhammad. ''Sunan al-Tirmidhi''. vol. 1. p. 359; Nasa'i, Ahmad. ''Sunan al-Nasa'i''. vol. 3. p. 2-3</ref> [[Shafi'i]], however, believe Adhan has too high a position to be revealed in the dream of an individual like 'Abd Allah b. Zayd. | ||
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The sixth phrase i.e. ''Hayya 'ala khayril'amal'' (Hurry toward the best of deeds) belongs particularly to the [[Shi'a]], and is a distinctive characteristic of this sect.<ref> Sayyid Murtada. ''al-Intisar''. p. 38-39</ref> [[Ibn Nubah]], the [[Mu'azzin]] of Imam 'Ali (a) used to recite this phrase in Adhan without objection from Imam Ali (a).<ref>al-Shaykh al-Saduq. 'Man la yahduruh al-faqih''. vol. 1. p. 18-189</ref> According to Shi'a reports, this phrase had been a part of Adhan until 'Umar omitted it due to his belief that it would weaken people's motivation for [[Jihad]].<ref>Qadi Nu'man. vol. 1. p. 143; Abu 'Abd allah 'Alawi. ''al-Adhan bi Hayya 'ala khayril'amal''. p. 16</ref> | The sixth phrase i.e. ''Hayya 'ala khayril'amal'' (Hurry toward the best of deeds) belongs particularly to the [[Shi'a]], and is a distinctive characteristic of this sect.<ref> Sayyid Murtada. ''al-Intisar''. p. 38-39</ref> [[Ibn Nubah]], the [[Mu'azzin]] of Imam 'Ali (a) used to recite this phrase in Adhan without objection from Imam Ali (a).<ref>al-Shaykh al-Saduq. 'Man la yahduruh al-faqih''. vol. 1. p. 18-189</ref> According to Shi'a reports, this phrase had been a part of Adhan until 'Umar omitted it due to his belief that it would weaken people's motivation for [[Jihad]].<ref>Qadi Nu'man. vol. 1. p. 143; Abu 'Abd allah 'Alawi. ''al-Adhan bi Hayya 'ala khayril'amal''. p. 16</ref> | ||
===According to | ===According to Ahl al-Sunna=== | ||
The phrasing of Adhan is the same as the Imamiyya, with the following major differences: | The phrasing of Adhan is the same as the Imamiyya, with the following major differences: | ||