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'''Mullā Ḥusaynqulī Hamidānī''' (ملا حسین قلی همدانی) (b.1239/1824 – d.1311/1894) was the Islamic scholar, mystic and jurisprudent of 13th/19th and 14th/20th centuries. He studied in different cities of [[Tehran]], [[Sabzevar]] and [[Najaf]]. His great teachers were [[Shaykh Ansari]] in [[fiqh]] and [[usul]] and [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] in [[ethics]]. Some of his top students were [[Mirza Baqir Qadi Tabataba'i]], [[Mirza Jawad Maliki Tabrizi]], [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]], [[Shaykh Muhammad Baqir Bahari Hamidani]], [[Mirza Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] and [[Akhund Khurasani]]. | '''Mullā Ḥusaynqulī Hamidānī''' (ملا حسین قلی همدانی) (b.1239/1824 – d.1311/1894) was the Islamic scholar, mystic and jurisprudent of 13th/19th and 14th/20th centuries. He studied in different cities of [[Tehran]], [[Sabzevar]] and [[Najaf]]. His great teachers were [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] in [[fiqh]] and [[usul]] and [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] in [[ethics]]. Some of his top students were [[Mirza Baqir Qadi Tabataba'i]], [[Mirza Jawad Maliki Tabrizi]], [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]], [[Shaykh Muhammad Baqir Bahari Hamidani]], [[Mirza Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] and [[Akhund Khurasani]]. | ||
Mulla Husaynquli was a milestone in the history of true spiritual approach in seminaries. Many acts of wonder have been reported from him and it is written about him that he was always watchful about his actions and his soul. | Mulla Husaynquli was a milestone in the history of true spiritual approach in [[Shi'a seminaries]]. Many [[act of wonder|acts of wonder]] have been reported from him and it is written about him that he was always watchful about his actions and his soul. | ||
== Birth == | == Birth == | ||
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== Lineage == | == Lineage == | ||
His lineage reached [[Jabir b. Abd Allah Ansari]], one of the companions of [[the Prophet (s)]]. His father, | His lineage reached [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah Ansari]], one of the [[sahaba|companions]] of [[the Prophet (s)]]. His father, whose name was Ramadan, was a shepherd and wished that his son continues his educations so he sent him to [[Tehran]] to learn [[religious studies]]. | ||
== His Education == | == His Education == | ||
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'''Najaf''' | '''Najaf''' | ||
After a while staying in [[Sabzevar]], he left there for [[Najaf]]. In Najaf, he benefitted the | After a while staying in [[Sabzevar]], he left there for [[Najaf]]. In Najaf, he benefitted the fiqh and usul class of [[Shaykh Murtada Ansari]] and through him, was guided to attend the akhlaq class of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] and became one of his pupils. | ||
== | == Teaching == | ||
After [[Shaykh Ansari]] passed away, Mulla Husaynquli wanted to continue teaching his teacher's class but he refrained from it due to [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s advice and began educating and teaching [[akhlaq]] to talented students and after Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari passed away, he taught Akhlaq in his house in addition to [[fiqh]] and [[usul]]. | After [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] passed away, Mulla Husaynquli wanted to continue teaching his teacher's class but he refrained from it due to [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s advice and began educating and teaching [[akhlaq]] to talented students and after Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari passed away, he taught Akhlaq in his house in addition to [[fiqh]] and [[usul]]. | ||
== | == Methodology of Teaching == | ||
His spiritual and teaching conduct was similar to that of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] and it is said that his spiritual discipleship went back | His spiritual and teaching conduct was similar to that of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] and it is said that his spiritual discipleship went back through Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari and from him to [[Sayyid Sadr al-Din Kashif Dizfuli]] and from him to [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and from him reached [[Sayyid Qutb al-Din Niyrizi]]. | ||
== | == Pupils == | ||
Mulla Husaynquli Hamidani educated many students. Multitude of his students which in some reports reached 300, in the one hand shows his popularity and on the other hand demonstrates the broad influence of his spiritual conduct in [[Najaf]] of that time. Some of his great pupils are: | Mulla Husaynquli Hamidani educated many students. Multitude of his students which in some reports reached 300, in the one hand shows his popularity and on the other hand demonstrates the broad influence of his spiritual conduct in [[Najaf]] of that time. Some of his great pupils are: | ||
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* [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari Hamidani]] (d. 1325/1907) | * [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari Hamidani]] (d. 1325/1907) | ||
* [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] | * [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] | ||
* Sayyid Kamal known as [[Mirza Aqa | * Sayyid Kamal known as [[Mirza Aqa Dawlatabadi]] (d. 1328/1910) | ||
* [[Sayyid Muhammad Sa'id Habubi Najafi]] (d. 1333/1915) | * [[Sayyid Muhammad Sa'id Habubi Najafi]] (d. 1333/1915) | ||
* [[Shaykh Musa Shararih 'Amili]] (d. 1304 /1887) | * [[Shaykh Musa Shararih 'Amili]] (d. 1304 /1887) | ||
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* [[Sayyid Abu al-Qasim Isfahani]], Mulla Husaynquli's son-in-law | * [[Sayyid Abu al-Qasim Isfahani]], Mulla Husaynquli's son-in-law | ||
* Shaykh 'Ali (d. 1359/1940), Mulla Husaynquli's son | * Shaykh 'Ali (d. 1359/1940), Mulla Husaynquli's son | ||
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== Developing an Educational Tradition == | == Developing an Educational Tradition == | ||
Undoubtedly, having the opportunity to learn under [[Mulla Hadi Sabzevari]] after being benefitted from the classes of [[Shaykh Ansari]] had reinforcing effect on deepening the teachings of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] in the heart of Mulla Husaynquli hamidani. Having great understanding of rational teachings and [[fiqh]], Mulla Husaynquli promoted his teacher's conduct so much that a new educational school was formed after him in [[Najaf]]. | Undoubtedly, having the opportunity to learn under [[Mulla Hadi Sabzevari]] after being benefitted from the classes of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] had reinforcing effect on deepening the teachings of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] in the heart of Mulla Husaynquli hamidani. Having great understanding of rational teachings and [[fiqh]], Mulla Husaynquli promoted his teacher's conduct so much that a new educational school was formed after him in [[Najaf]]. | ||
== | == Spiritual Conduct == | ||
Mulla Husaynquli's spiritual conduct was based on the knowledge of the self, observation of one's watchfulness of his actions and soul and striving in the four steps of its process. | Mulla Husaynquli's spiritual conduct was based on the knowledge of the self, observation of one's watchfulness of his actions and soul and striving in the four steps of its process. | ||
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* In the fourth step, in order that the wayfarer knows God present and observing him and draws away anything other than God, he needs to clear his mental occupations. | * In the fourth step, in order that the wayfarer knows God present and observing him and draws away anything other than God, he needs to clear his mental occupations. | ||
In the view of Mulla Husaynquli, some ways of clearing mental occupations are remembering God, reciting the [[Qur'an]], worshiping, invoking the Infallible [[ | In the view of Mulla Husaynquli, some ways of clearing mental occupations are remembering God, reciting the [[Qur'an]], worshiping, invoking the Infallible [[Imams]] (a) and surly the quickest way of clearing mental occupations is to reflect on the self. | ||
== Demise == | == Demise == | ||
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Mulla Husaynquli passed away in his pilgrimage to [[Karbala]] on 28th of [[Sha'ban]] 1311/March,6,1894 and he was buried in the [[shrine of Imam Husayn (a)]]. | Mulla Husaynquli passed away in his pilgrimage to [[Karbala]] on 28th of [[Sha'ban]] 1311/March,6,1894 and he was buried in the [[shrine of Imam Husayn (a)]]. | ||
== | == Acts of Wonder == | ||
Many acts of wonder have been reported from him and that he was always watchful about his actions and his soul so much that he is reported to have become silent sometimes in the middle of class fearful of slightest ignorance and saying anything regardless of God's contentment. | Many [[act of wonder|acts of wonder]] have been reported from him and that he was always watchful about his actions and his soul so much that he is reported to have become silent sometimes in the middle of class fearful of slightest ignorance and saying anything regardless of God's contentment. | ||
== His Grandeur in the Views of Others == | == His Grandeur in the Views of Others == | ||
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== His Works == | == His Works == | ||
Since most of Mulla Husaynquli's efforts were for educating pupils, he could not find time to write; thus, most of his works are written by his students, some of which are: | Since most of Mulla Husaynquli's efforts were for educating pupils, he could not find time to write; thus, most of his works are written by his students, some of which are: | ||
* Class scripts of [[Shaykh Ansari]]'s [[fiqh]] and [[ | * Class scripts of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]]'s [[fiqh]] and [[usul]] classes written by Mulla Husaynquli himself. | ||
* Class scripts of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s classes | * Class scripts of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s classes | ||
* Class scripts of his fiqh classes about the topics of [[Salat al-Musafir]] (the traveler's prayer), [[al—khilal]], [[al-Qada']] and [[al-Shahadat]] written and compiled by his students in three volumes. | * Class scripts of his fiqh classes about the topics of [[Salat al-Musafir]] (the traveler's prayer), [[al—khilal]], [[al-Qada']] and [[al-Shahadat]] written and compiled by his students in three volumes. | ||