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Husayn Quli Hamadani: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox Shia scholar without Socio-political activities | {{Infobox Shia scholar without Socio-political activities | ||
| title = Husayn Quli Hamadani | | title = Husayn Quli Hamadani | ||
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'''Mullā | '''Mullā Ḥusayn Qulī Hamadānī'''(Persian:{{iarabic|ملا حسین قلی همدانی}}) was an Islamic scholar, [[mystic]] and [[faqih|jurisprudent]] of 13th/19th and 14th/20th centuries ([[1239]]/1824 – [[1311]]/1894) . He studied in different cities of [[Tehran]], [[Sabzevar]] and [[Najaf]]. His great teachers were [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] in [[fiqh]] and [[usul]] and [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] in [[ethics]]. Some of his top students were [[Mirza Baqir Qadi Tabataba'i]], [[Mirza Jawad Maliki Tabrizi]], [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]], [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari]], [[Mirza Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] and [[Akhund Khurasani]]. | ||
Mulla | Mulla Husayn Quli was a milestone in the history of true spiritual approach in [[Seminary|Shi'a seminaries]]. Many [[act of wonder|acts of wonder]] have been reported from him and it is written about him that he was always watchful about his actions and his soul. | ||
== Birth == | == Birth == | ||
Akhund Mulla | Akhund Mulla Husayn Quli Darguzini Najafi, known as Mulla Husayn Quli Shavandi Hamadani was born in 1239/1824 in the village of Shavand, one of the villages of Razan in [[Hamadan]] Province, [[Iran]]. | ||
== Lineage == | == Lineage == | ||
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'''Tehran''' | '''Tehran''' | ||
Husayn Quli learned preliminary lessons, different levels of [[fiqh]] and [[usul]] and then attended the classes of [[kharij fiqh]] and [[usul]] of different Islamic scholars such as [[Shaykh 'Abd al-Husayn Tihrani]] (d. 1286/1869) known as Shaykh al-'Araqayn. | |||
'''Sabzevar''' | '''Sabzevar''' | ||
He went to [[Sabzevar]] to participate the philosophy class of [[Mulla Hadi | He went to [[Sabzevar]] to participate the philosophy class of [[Mulla Hadi Sabziwari]]. | ||
'''Najaf''' | '''Najaf''' | ||
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== Methodology of Teaching == | == Methodology of Teaching == | ||
His spiritual and teaching conduct was similar to that of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] and it is said that his spiritual discipleship went back through Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari and from him to [[Sayyid Sadr al-Din Kashif Dizfuli]] and from him to [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and from him reached [[Sayyid Qutb al-Din | His spiritual and teaching conduct was similar to that of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] and it is said that his spiritual discipleship went back through Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari and from him to [[Sayyid Sadr al-Din Kashif Dizfuli]] and from him to [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and from him reached [[Sayyid Qutb al-Din Nayrizi]]. | ||
== Pupils == | == Pupils == | ||
Mulla | Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani educated many students. Multitude of his students which in some reports reached 300, in the one hand shows his popularity and on the other hand demonstrates the broad influence of his spiritual conduct in [[Najaf]] of that time. Some of his great pupils are: | ||
<div style="{{column-count}}"> | <div style="{{column-count}}"> | ||
* Shaykh [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari]] (d. 1325/1907) | * Shaykh [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari]] (d. 1325/1907) | ||
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* [[Sayyid Abd al-Ghaffar Mazandarani]] (d. 1356/1937) | * [[Sayyid Abd al-Ghaffar Mazandarani]] (d. 1356/1937) | ||
* Shaykh [[Muhammad Baqir Najmabadi]] (d. 1353/1935) | * Shaykh [[Muhammad Baqir Najmabadi]] (d. 1353/1935) | ||
* [[Sayyid 'Ali | * [[Sayyid 'Ali Hamadani]] (d. 1379/1960) | ||
* [[Mirza Baqir Qadi Tabataba'i]] | * [[Mirza Baqir Qadi Tabataba'i]] | ||
* [[Mirza Javad Maliki Tabrizi]] | * [[Mirza Javad Maliki Tabrizi]] | ||
* [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] (d. 1371/1952) | * [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] (d. 1371/1952) | ||
* [[Mirza Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] (d. 1355/1936) | * [[Mirza Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]] (d. 1355/1936) | ||
* [[Akhund Mulla Muhammad Kazim Khurasani]] (d. 1329/1911) | * [[Akhund Mulla Muhammad Kazim Khurasani]] (d. 1329/1911) | ||
* [[Sayyid Shams al-Din Mahmud Mar'ashi Najafi]] (d. 1338/1920) | * [[Sayyid Shams al-Din Mahmud Mar'ashi Najafi]] (d. 1338/1920) | ||
* [[Sayyid Mahmud | * [[Sayyid Mahmud Taliqani Najafi]] | ||
* [[Sayyid Abu | * [[Sayyid Abu l-Qasim Isfahani]], Mulla Husayn Quli's son-in-law | ||
* Shaykh 'Ali (d. 1359/1940), Mulla | * Shaykh 'Ali (d. 1359/1940), Mulla Husayn Quli's son | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
== Developing an Educational Tradition == | == Developing an Educational Tradition == | ||
Undoubtedly, having the opportunity to learn under [[Mulla Hadi Sabzevari]] after being benefitted from the classes of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] had reinforcing effect on deepening the teachings of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] in the heart of Mulla | Undoubtedly, having the opportunity to learn under [[Mulla Hadi Sabzevari]] after being benefitted from the classes of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] had reinforcing effect on deepening the teachings of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] in the heart of Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani. Having great understanding of rational teachings and [[fiqh]], Mulla Husayn Quli promoted his teacher's conduct so much that a new educational school was formed after him in [[Najaf]]. | ||
== Spiritual Conduct == | == Spiritual Conduct == | ||
Mulla | Mulla Husayn Quli's spiritual conduct was based on the knowledge of the self, observation of one's watchfulness of his actions and soul and striving in the four steps of its process. | ||
* In the first step, the wayfarer must perform the obligations and avoids prohibitions. He so much emphasized on this step that observing the religious laws and limits can be considered his most important factor of his spiritual conduct. He believed that love of God cannot come together with sins. | * In the first step, the wayfarer must perform the obligations and avoids prohibitions. He so much emphasized on this step that observing the religious laws and limits can be considered his most important factor of his spiritual conduct. He believed that love of God cannot come together with sins. | ||
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* In the fourth step, in order that the wayfarer knows God present and observing him and draws away anything other than God, he needs to clear his mental occupations. | * In the fourth step, in order that the wayfarer knows God present and observing him and draws away anything other than God, he needs to clear his mental occupations. | ||
In the view of Mulla | In the view of Mulla Husayn Quli, some ways of clearing mental occupations are remembering God, reciting the [[Holy Qur'an]], worshiping, invoking the Infallible [[Imams]] (a) and surly the quickest way of clearing mental occupations is to reflect on the self. | ||
== Demise == | == Demise == | ||
[[File:Husaynquli Hamidani.jpg|thumbnail|Gravestone of | [[File:Husaynquli Hamidani.jpg|thumbnail|Gravestone of Husayn Quli Hamadani]] | ||
Mulla | Mulla Husayn Quli passed away in his pilgrimage to [[Karbala]] on 28th of [[Sha'ban]] 1311/March,6,1894 and he was buried in the [[Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. | ||
== Acts of Wonder == | == Acts of Wonder == | ||
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== His Grandeur in the Views of Others == | == His Grandeur in the Views of Others == | ||
[[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] who entered [[Iraq]] two years after demise of Mulla | [[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] who entered [[Iraq]] two years after demise of Mulla Husayn Quli, described him following methodology of [[Sayyid b. Tawus]]. In his opinions, most scholars after Mulla Husayn Quli were indebted to him and his pupils were stars of the sky of knowledge and virtue. He regretted for he did not see him, but he is happy his students could attend Mulla Husayn Quli's classes. He believed that Mulla Husayn Quli's students had combined knowledge with practice. About Mulla Husayn Quli, [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] has written that Mulla Husayn Quli was peerless in [[ethics]] and purification of the soul among his contemporary scholars. | ||
== His Works == | == His Works == | ||
Since most of Mulla | Since most of Mulla Husayn Quli's efforts were for educating pupils, he could not find time to write; thus, most of his works are written by his students, some of which are: | ||
* Class scripts of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]]'s [[fiqh]] and [[usul]] classes written by Mulla | * Class scripts of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]]'s [[fiqh]] and [[usul]] classes written by Mulla Husayn Quli himself. | ||
* Class scripts of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s classes | * Class scripts of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s classes | ||
* Class scripts of his fiqh classes about the topics of [[Salat al-Musafir]] (the traveler's prayer), [[al-khilal]], [[al-Qada']] and [[al-Shahadat]] written and compiled by his students in three volumes. | * Class scripts of his fiqh classes about the topics of [[Salat al-Musafir]] (the traveler's prayer), [[al-khilal]], [[al-Qada']] and [[al-Shahadat]] written and compiled by his students in three volumes. | ||
* Class scripts of his fiqh classes on the topic of [[rahn]] written by one of his students | * Class scripts of his fiqh classes on the topic of [[rahn]] written by one of his students | ||
* His [[Amali]] on [[ethics]] compiled by some of his students | * His [[Amali]] on [[ethics]] compiled by some of his students | ||
* Correspondences and instructions which [[Mirza Isma'il Tabrizi]] (Ta'ib) compiled them together with some correspondences and instructions of [[Ahmad Karbala'i]], [[Muhammad Bahari]] and [[aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and published them at the end of his ''[[Tadhkirat al-Muttaqin]]''. | * Correspondences and instructions which [[Mirza Isma'il Tabrizi]] (Ta'ib) compiled them together with some correspondences and instructions of [[Ahmad Karbala'i]], [[Muhammad Bahari Hamadani]] and [[aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and published them at the end of his ''[[Tadhkirat al-Muttaqin]]''. | ||
==External Links== | ==External Links== | ||
*The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C ملاحسینقلی همدانی] in Farsi Wikishia. | *The material for this article is mainly taken from [http://fa.wikishia.net/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%DB%8C_%D9%87%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C ملاحسینقلی همدانی] in Farsi Wikishia. | ||
{{Shia Mystics}} | {{Shia Mystics}} | ||
[[fa:ملا حسینقلی همدانی]] | [[fa:ملا حسینقلی همدانی]] | ||