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Makarim al-akhlaq (book): Difference between revisions
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| image =کتاب مکارم الاخلاق.jpg | | image =کتاب مکارم الاخلاق.jpg | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| author = [[Hasan b. Fadl Tabrisi]] | | author = [[Hasan b. Fadl al-Tabrisi]] | ||
| title_orig = | | title_orig ={{ia|مَکارِمُ الْاَخْلاق}} | ||
| orig_lang_code = | | orig_lang_code = | ||
| title_working = | | title_working = | ||
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| cover_artist = | | cover_artist = | ||
| language =Arabic | | language =Arabic | ||
| series =1 | | series = 1 vol. | ||
| subject =Islamic ethics | | subject =[[Islamic ethics]] | ||
| genre = | | genre = | ||
| published = | | published = different times printed in different countries | ||
| publisher = | | publisher = | ||
| media_type = | | media_type = | ||
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| En_fulltext = | | En_fulltext = | ||
}} | }} | ||
''''' | '''''Makārim al-akhlāq''''' (Arabic: {{ia|مکارم الاخلاق}}) is a book in Arabic in [[Islamic ethics]] written by [[Hasan b. al-Fadl al-Tabrisi]]. It is among the most famous works in ethics and one of the [[Shi'a]] sources in this field. The author has arranged the book in twelve chapters and has spoken about moral issues in different fields. After its publication, ''Makarim al-akhlaq'' drew the attention of scholars and was printed in different countries. But, in its print in [[Egypt]], some distortions were made to the book, the copies of which were taken out from the market after the reaction of the scholars of [[Najaf]]. | ||
== The Author == | == The Author == | ||
{{main|Hasan b. Fadl Tabrisi}} | {{main|Al-Hasan b. al-Fadl al-Tabrisi}} | ||
Radi al-Din Hasan b. Fadl Tabrisi was among Shi'a scholars of the sixth/[[twelfth century]] and the son of [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|Amin al-Islam Tabrisi]], the author of [[Tafsir]] ''[[Majma' al-Bayan]]''. | Radi al-Din Hasan b. Fadl al-Tabrisi was among Shi'a scholars of the sixth/[[twelfth century]] and the son of [[Al-Fadl b. al-Hasan al-Tabrisi|Amin al-Islam al-Tabrisi]], the author of [[Tafsir]] ''[[Majma' al-Bayan]]''. | ||
== Goal of Writing == | == Goal of Writing == | ||
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11. Miscellaneous issues in ethics and individual and social rights | 11. Miscellaneous issues in ethics and individual and social rights | ||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
== Distortion of Makarim al-Akhlaq == | == Distortion of Makarim al-Akhlaq == | ||
Attribution of ''Makarim al-akhlaq'' to Hasan b. Fadl Tabrisi is definite and the attention of scholars and existence of many copies approve that. ''Makarim al-akhlaq'' was printed in [[Iran]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Iraq]] several times, but some distortions were made in its print in [[Egypt]], without any mention of them. [[ | Attribution of ''Makarim al-akhlaq'' to Hasan b. Fadl al-Tabrisi is definite and the attention of scholars and existence of many copies approve that. ''Makarim al-akhlaq'' was printed in [[Iran]], [[Lebanon]] and [[Iraq]] several times, but some distortions were made in its print in [[Egypt]], without any mention of them. [[Muhummad Baqir Bahari Hamadani]] (d. 1333/1915) was among the people who mentioned these distortions and wrote a treatise titled ''Tasdid al-makarim wa tafdih al-zalim fi bayan tahrif Makarim al-akhlaq''. In three chapters, he mentioned the changes, additions and omissions made to Makarim al-akhlaq. After the information about this print was spread, manuscripts and old copies of the book were taken out of the market and access. After the publication of ''Tasdid al-makarim'', some Shi'a scholars including [[Habib Allah Rashti]], [[Muhammad Hasan Mamaqani]], [[Mirza Husayn Nuri]], [[Husayn Quli Hamadani]], [[Al-Sayyid Muhammad Kazim al-Yazdi]], [[Shaykh Muhammad Taha Najaf]], [[Muhammad Kazim Khurasani]] and [[Sayyid Muhammad Hasan Shirazi]] wrote their opinions in objection to the print in Egypt and published them in an appendix to the treatise of ''al-Tasdid''. | ||
In ''[[A'yan al-Shi'a]]'', [[Sayyid Muhsin Amin]] has mentioned all the cases of distortion of the book and explained them: | |||
In ''[[A'yan al-Shi'a]]'', [[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] has mentioned all the cases of distortion of the book and explained them: | |||
They omitted all the [[hadith]]s about the merits of [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra' (a)]]. | *They omitted all the [[hadith]]s about the merits of [[Imam Ali (a)]] and [[Lady Fatima al-Zahra' (a)]]. | ||
In many cases, they omitted the name of Ali (a) and replaced it with the name of one of the two caliphs ([[Abu Bakr]] or [[Umar]]). | *In many cases, they omitted the name of Ali (a) and replaced it with the name of one of the two caliphs ([[Abu Bakr]] or [[Umar]]). | ||
The phrase "Alayh-i al-Salam" | *The phrase "Alayh-i al-Salam" (Peace be upon him) was omitted after the names of [[Imams (a)]] and replaced with "Radiy-a Allah-u anh" (May God be satisfied with him). | ||
Names of Imams (a) were omitted and in many cases were replaced with "some scholars", "some wise men" and "some righteous persons". | *Names of Imams (a) were omitted and in many cases were replaced with "some scholars", "some wise men" and "some righteous persons". | ||
The name of Lady Fatima al-Zahra' (a) was omitted in many cases and replaced with [[Aisha]] and [[Hafsa bt. Umar]]. | *The name of Lady Fatima al-Zahra' (a) was omitted in many cases and replaced with [[Aisha]] and [[Hafsa bt. Umar]]. | ||
== Printing == | == Printing == | ||