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Husayn Quli Hamadani: Difference between revisions
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| caption =His gravestone in the [[shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]] | | caption =His gravestone in the [[shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]] | ||
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'''Mullā Ḥusayn Qulī Hamadānī'''(Persian: {{ | |||
'''Mullā Ḥusayn Qulī Hamadānī''' (Persian: {{ia|ملا حسین قلی همدانی}}) (b. [[1239]]/1824 – d. [[1311]]/1894) was an Islamic scholar, [[mystic]], and [[jurist]] of thirteenth/nineteenth centuries. He studied in different cities of [[Tehran]], [[Sabzevar]], and [[Najaf]]. His great teachers were [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] in [[jurisprudence]] and [[principles of jurisprudence]] and [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] in [[ethics]]. Some of his top students were [[Mirza Baqir Qadi Tabataba'i]], [[Mirza Jawad Maliki Tabrizi]], [[al-Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]], [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari]], [[Mirza Muhammad Husayn Na'ini]], and [[Akhund Khurasani]]. | |||
Mulla Husayn Quli was a milestone in the history of true spiritual approach in [[Seminary|Shi'a seminaries]]. Many [[act of wonder|acts of wonder]] have been reported from him and it is written about him that he was always watchful about his actions and his soul. | Mulla Husayn Quli was a milestone in the history of true spiritual approach in [[Seminary|Shi'a seminaries]]. Many [[act of wonder|acts of wonder]] have been reported from him and it is written about him that he was always watchful about his actions and his soul. | ||
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== Lineage == | == Lineage == | ||
His lineage reached [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]], one of the [[sahaba|Companions]] of [[ | His lineage reached [[Jabir b. 'Abd Allah al-Ansari]], one of the [[sahaba|Companions]] of the [[Prophet (s)]]. His father, whose name was Ramadan, was a shepherd and wished that his son continues his educations so he sent him to Tehran to learn religious studies. | ||
== Education == | == Education == | ||
'''Tehran''' | '''Tehran''' | ||
Husayn Quli learned preliminary lessons, different levels of [[ | Husayn Quli learned preliminary lessons, different levels of [[jurisprudence]] and [[principles of jurisprudence]] and then attended the classes of jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence of different Islamic scholars such as [[Shaykh 'Abd al-Husayn Tihrani]] (d. 1286/1869) known as Shaykh al-'Iraqayn. | ||
'''Sabzevar''' | '''Sabzevar''' | ||
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'''Najaf''' | '''Najaf''' | ||
After a while staying in [[Sabzevar]], he left there for [[Najaf]]. In Najaf, he benefitted the | After a while staying in [[Sabzevar]], he left there for [[Najaf]]. In Najaf, he benefitted the jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence class of [[al-Shaykh Murtada al-Ansari]] and through him, was guided to attend the ethics class of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]] and became one of his pupils. | ||
== Teaching == | == Teaching == | ||
After [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] passed away, Mulla Husayn Quli wanted to continue teaching his teacher's class but he refrained from it due to | After [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] passed away, Mulla Husayn Quli wanted to continue teaching his teacher's class but he refrained from it due to Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari's advice and began educating and teaching [[ethics]] to talented students and after Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari passed away, he taught ethics in his house in addition to jurisprudence and principles of jurisprudence. | ||
== Methodology of Teaching == | == Methodology of Teaching == | ||
His spiritual and teaching conduct was similar to that of | His spiritual and teaching conduct was similar to that of Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari and it is said that his spiritual discipleship went back through Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari and from him to [[Sayyid Sadr al-Din Kashif Dizfuli]] and from him to [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and from him reached [[Sayyid Qutb al-Din Nayrizi]]. | ||
== Pupils == | == Pupils == | ||
Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani educated many students. Number of his students which in some reports reached 300, in the one hand shows his popularity and on the other hand demonstrates the broad influence of his spiritual conduct in [[Najaf]] of that time. Some of his great pupils are: | Mulla Husayn Quli Hamadani educated many students. Number of his students which in some reports reached 300, in the one hand shows his popularity and on the other hand demonstrates the broad influence of his spiritual conduct in [[Najaf]] of that time. Some of his great pupils are: | ||
{{cb| | {{cb|2}} | ||
* Shaykh [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari]] (d. 1325/1907) | * Shaykh [[Shaykh Muhammad Bahari]] (d. 1325/1907) | ||
* [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] | * [[Sayyid Ahmad Karbala'i]] | ||
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== Developing an Educational Tradition == | == Developing an Educational Tradition == | ||
Undoubtedly, having the opportunity to learn under [[Mulla Hadi Sabzevari]] after being benefitted from the classes of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] had a reinforcing effect on deepening the teachings of | Undoubtedly, having the opportunity to learn under [[Mulla Hadi Sabzevari]] after being benefitted from the classes of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]] had a reinforcing effect on deepening the teachings of Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari in the heart of Husayn Quli Hamadani. Having a great understanding of rational teachings and [[jurisprudence]], Mulla Husayn Quli promoted his teacher's conduct so much that a new educational school was formed after him in [[Najaf]]. | ||
== Spiritual Conduct == | == Spiritual Conduct == | ||
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== Demise == | == Demise == | ||
Mulla Husayn Quli passed away in his pilgrimage to [[Karbala]] on [[ | Mulla Husayn Quli passed away in his pilgrimage to [[Karbala]] on [[Sha'ban 28]] [[1311]]/[[March 6]], 1894 and he was buried in the [[Shrine of Imam al-Husayn (a)]]. | ||
== Acts of Wonder == | == Acts of Wonder == | ||
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== Grandeur in the Views of Others == | == Grandeur in the Views of Others == | ||
[[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] who entered [[Iraq]] two years after demise of Mulla Husayn Quli, described him following methodology of [[Sayyid b. Tawus]]. In his opinions, most scholars after Mulla Husayn Quli were indebted to him and his pupils were stars of the sky of knowledge and virtue. He regretted for he did not see him, but he is happy his students could attend Mulla Husayn Quli's classes. He believed that Mulla Husayn Quli's students had combined knowledge with practice. | *[[Aqa Buzurg Tihrani]] who entered [[Iraq]] two years after demise of Mulla Husayn Quli, described him following methodology of [[Sayyid b. Tawus]]. In his opinions, most scholars after Mulla Husayn Quli were indebted to him and his pupils were stars of the sky of knowledge and virtue. He regretted for he did not see him, but he is happy his students could attend Mulla Husayn Quli's classes. He believed that Mulla Husayn Quli's students had combined knowledge with practice. | ||
*[[Sayyid Muhsin al-Amin]] has written that Mulla Husayn Quli was peerless in [[ethics]] and purification of the soul among his contemporary scholars. | |||
== Works == | == Works == | ||
Since most of Mulla Husayn Quli's efforts were for educating pupils, he could not find time to write; thus, most of his works are written by his students, some of which are: | Since most of Mulla Husayn Quli's efforts were for educating pupils, he could not find time to write; thus, most of his works are written by his students, some of which are: | ||
* Class scripts of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]]'s [[ | * Class scripts of [[al-Shaykh al-Ansari]]'s [[jurisprudence]] and [[principles of jurisprudence]] classes written by Mulla Husayn Quli himself. | ||
* Class scripts of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s classes | * Class scripts of [[Sayyid 'Ali Shushtari]]'s classes | ||
* Class scripts of his | * Class scripts of his jurisprudence classes about the topics of [[Traveller's Prayer]], [[al-khilal]], [[al-qada']] and [[al-shahadat]] written and compiled by his students in three volumes. | ||
* Class scripts of his | * Class scripts of his jurisprudence classes on the topic of [[rahn]] written by one of his students | ||
* His [[amali]] on [[ethics]] compiled by some of his students | * His [[amali]] on [[ethics]] compiled by some of his students | ||
* Correspondences and instructions which [[Mirza Isma'il Tabrizi]] (Ta'ib) compiled them together with some correspondences and instructions of [[Ahmad Karbala'i]], [[Muhammad Bahari Hamadani]] and [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and published them at the end of his ''[[Tadhkirat al-muttaqin]]''. | * Correspondences and instructions which [[Mirza Isma'il Tabrizi]] (Ta'ib) compiled them together with some correspondences and instructions of [[Ahmad Karbala'i]], [[Muhammad Bahari Hamadani]] and [[Aqa Muhammad Bidabadi]] and published them at the end of his ''[[Tadhkirat al-muttaqin]]''. | ||